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Aging and obesity are characterized by decreased beta-cell sensitivity and defects in the potentiation of nutrient-stimulated insulin secretion by GIP. Exercise and diet are known to improve glucose metabolism and the pancreatic insulin response to glucose, and this effect may be mediated through the incretin effect of GIP. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of a 12-wk exercise...
BACKGROUND The intake of meat, particularly processed meat, is a dietary risk factor for diabetes. Meat intake impairs insulin sensitivity and leads to increased oxidative stress. However, its effect on postprandial gastrointestinal hormone (GIH) secretion is unclear. We aimed to investigate the acute effects of two standardized isocaloric meals: a processed hamburger meat meal rich in protein ...
RECENTLY, the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) decided for the present against approving the cannabinoid receptor antagonist Rimonabant for the treatment of obesity in the United States. This decision resulted mainly from concerns based on studies showing that the drug’s benefits would not outweigh its risks for side effects. This decision further diminished already limited hope...
Peptide YY (PYY) receptors were solubilized from rat jejunal crypts using 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl) dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonic acid (CHAPS). The binding of [125I-Tyr36]monoiodo-PYY ([125I]PYY) to CHAPS extracts was time-dependent and reversible. The order of potency of PYY-related peptides for inhibiting [125I]PYY binding was PYY greater than neuropeptide Y much greater than pancreatic pol...
the purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between family functioning and marital adjustment humor couples are due to the nature and objectives of the research and application of methods for its implementation correlation was used. the study population consisted of all the couples in the city who uses random cluster sampling of 200 students were selected as sample. data from ...
Introduction: The prevalence of overweight and obesity in adolescents and adults worldwide is known to be a critical health determinant that begins in childhood and continues most of the time until adulthood. Brain Drived Nurotrophic Factor Growth Factor (BDNF) stimulates and activates neuronal stem cells that proliferates and differentiates neurons, and is essential for the regulation of neuro...
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are recognized as the major anions of the large intestinal content in humans, but their effect on colonic motility is controversial. This study explores the colonic motor effect of SCFAs and their mechanisms in the rat. Colonic motility (electromyography) and transit time (plastic markers) were measured in conscious rats while SCFAs were infused into the colon, e...
Peptide YY(3-36) [PYY(3-36)] is a gut-brain peptide that decreases food intake when administered by intravenous infusion to lean and obese humans and rats. However, chronic administration of PYY(3-36) by osmotic minipump to lean and obese rodents produces only a transient reduction in daily food intake and weight gain. It has recently been shown that 1-h intravenous infusions of PYY(3-36) every...
The 2 gut hormones glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and peptide YY (PYY) are well known to be coexpressed, costored, and released together to coact in the control of key metabolic target organs. However, recently, it became clear that several other gut hormones can be coexpressed in the intestinal-specific lineage of enteroendocrine cells. Here, we focus on the anatomical and functional conseque...
Central injections of neuropeptide Y (NPY) increase food intake in Syrian hamsters; however, the effect of NPY on sexual behavior in hamsters is not known nor are the receptor subtypes involved in feeding and sexual behaviors. We demonstrate that NPY inhibits lordosis duration in a dose-related fashion after lateral ventricular injection in ovariectomized, steroid-primed Syrian hamsters. Under ...
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