In this paper we develop a dynamic discrete-time bivariate probit model, in which the conditions for Granger non-causality can be represented and tested. The conditions for simultaneous independence are also worked out. The model is extended in order to allow for covariates, representing individual as well as time heterogeneity. The proposed model can be estimated by Maximum Likelihood. Granger...

Peninsular Malaysia has gone through fast development during recent decades resulting in the release of large amounts of petroleum and its products into the environment. Aliphatic hydrocarbons are one of the major components of petroleum. Surface sediment samples were collected from five rivers along the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia and analyzed for aliphatic hydrocarbons. The total concen...

time axis could be detected. Hence, one concludes that if the deformation introduced changes in the elastic constants C33 or C44 these changes must be less than one or two percent for strains up to 10—' radian. Such a result is to be expected since the appearance of slip bands on the surface indicates that the deformation was confined to numerous very narrow bands. Within these bands one might ...

A multi-product cost model is estimated on a panel of U.S. local exchange carriers from the period 1989–1999. The model allows specification of cost inefficiency to avoid potential bias in the estimates. Unlike earlier research, the paper experiments with several proxies of the carriers’ access provision. The results show slight economies of scale and density with moderate cost increments due t...

Çalışmanın amacı, yükselen bir ekonomi için birleşik çerçevede küreselleşme ve finansal gelişmenin gelir eşitsizliği üzerindeki etkilerini ampirik olarak incelemektir. Küreselleşme etkisini incelemek panel veri analizi yöntemi kullanılmıştır. İlk birimler arasında korelasyonun varlığı, Breusch Pegan (2008) LM testi Pesaran, Ullah Yamagata NLM ile incelenmiştir. Değişkenlerin durağanlıkları CADF...

MAX phases are nanolaminated ternary materials that combine metallic and ceramic properties. Currently, the A-site elements replacement in traditional ones by later transition-metals opens a door to explore new types of phases. In this work, we performed systematic first-principle study trends stability, electronic structure elastic properties 288 compositions M2AX (M=Ti, V, Cr, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hf,...

Aircraft selection is an important issue in achieving long-term goals the airline industry. For this which multiple conflicting criteria are involved, extant literature points to use of multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methods. In respect, study aims propose a systematic and comprehensive framework with focus on regional aircraft perspective. To achieve this, integrated fuzzy Pivot Pairwis...