Radical-based carbonylation reactions of alkyl halides were conducted in a microflow reactor under pressurized carbon monoxide gas. Good to excellent yields of carbonylated products were obtained via radical formylation, carbonylative cyclization and three-component coupling reactions, using tributyltin hydride or TTMSS as a radical mediator.

The transition from seed dormancy to germination is triggered by environmental factors, and in pomegranate (Punica granatum) seeds higher germination percentages are achieved by warm + cold stratification rather than by cold stratification alone. Our objective was to define the pattern of internal oxidative changes in pomegranate seeds as dormancy was being broken by warm + cold stratification ...

PURPOSE Methimazole is a drug widely used in hyperthyroidism. However, life threatening hepatotoxicity has been associated with its clinical use. No protective agent has been found to be effective against methimazole induced hepatotoxicity yet. Hence, the capacity of organosulfur compounds to protect rat hepatocytes against cytotoxic effects of methimazole and its proposed toxic metabolite, N-m...

b-Lactones are important intermediates for ring-opening polymerization to form poly(b-hydroxyalkanoates), a naturally occurring biodegradable and thermoplastic polyester. Many synthetic methods are available for preparing b-lactones, among which catalytic ring-opening carbonylation of epoxides has received considerable attention because of its ability to produce enantiopure b-lactones. Over the...

The first syntheses of two quinoline alkaloids found in the medicinal herb Ruta chalepensis are reported via the conjugate addition of an o-iodoaniline to an acetylenic sulfone, followed by Pd-catalyzed carbonylation, intramolecular acylation of the corresponding sulfone-stabilized carbanion, and reductive desulfonylation.

The preparation of alkenyl cyclopropanes 1 with a variety of common organic functionalities is reported. These substrates were subjected to the Fe(CO)(5)-mediated carbonylation process under a CO atmosphere, leading to the formation of 2,5-disubstituted cyclohexenones 2, important intermediates for target-directed synthesis.

12 Microbial electrosynthesis (MES) and anaerobic fermentation (AF) are two biological processes 13 capable of reducing CO2, CO and water into acetic acid, an essential industrial reagent. In this 14 study, we evaluated investment and production costs of acetic acid via MES and AF, and compared 15 them to industrial chemical processes: methanol carbonylation and ethane direct oxidation. 16

Functionalized cyclopentenones were synthesized by a Rh-catalyzed carbonylation of 3-acyloxy-1,4-enynes, derived from alkynes and α,β-unsaturated aldehydes. The reaction involved a Saucy-Marbet 1,3-acyloxy migration of propargyl esters and a [4 + 1] cycloaddition of the resulting acyloxy substituted vinylallene with CO.

The total synthesis of the architecturally complex Daphniphyllum alkaloid (-)-calyciphylline N has been achieved. Highlights of the synthesis include a Et2AlCl-promoted, highly stereoselective, susbtrate-controlled intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction, a transannular enolate alkylation, an effective Stille carbonylation/Nazarov cyclization sequence, and a high-risk diastereoselective hydrogenati...