The catalytic reduction of carboxylic acid derivatives has witnessed a rapid development in recent years. These reactions, involving molecular hydrogen as the reducing agent, can be promoted by heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysts. The milestone achievements and recent results by both approaches are discussed in this Review. In particular, we focus on the mechanistic aspects of the catalytic...

Long-term potentiation (LTP) is a process that certain types of synaptic stimulation lead to a long-lasting enhancement in the strength of synaptic transmission. Studies in recent years indicate the importance of molecular pathways in the development of memory and learning. Tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) is a member of the neurotrophin receptor tyrosine kinase family, that its ligand is b...

In recent years, considerable effort has been devoted to finding novel enzyme mimetics with improved catalytic activities. However, the insightful understanding of such catalytic process is still elusive. In this paper, we report for the first time a typical photoactive layer-structured BiOBr as a novel biomimetic catalyst possessing highly efficient intrinsic peroxidase-like activity. Moreover...

the catalytic highly regio-, diastereo-, and enantioselective synthesis of a small library of spiropyrrolizidineoxindolesvia a four-component 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction of azomethine ylides, derived from isatin, with electron-deficient dipolarophilewas described. the process occurs at room temperature in aqueous ethanol as a green solvent and in the presence of a bidendatebis(imine)–cu(...

The reaction of sulfur ylides with carbonyl compounds to give epoxides is an important synthetic method. This Account charts the recent advances in rendering this process both asymmetric and catalytic. Two catalytic methods have been developed: the first involving the reaction of a sulfide with an alkyl halide in the presence of a base and aldehyde and the second involving the reaction of a sul...

steam reforming is one of the most important processes for producing hydrogen from hydrocarbon fuels such as lpg and has attracted much attention due to its high efficiency and economy. in this study, the lpg steam reforming reaction was investigated on nickel catalysts supported on four various zeolites (h-y, na-y, hzsm5 and ferrierite). the catalytic tests were performed in a tubular fixed be...