A method is described for using Radial Basis Function (RBF) neural networks to generate a certainty factor reliability measure along with the network's normal output. The certainty factor approach is then compared with another technique for measuring RBF reliability, Parzen windows. Both methods are implemented into RBF networks, and the results of using each approach are compared. Advantages a...

Hume appeals to different kinds of certainties and necessities in the Treatise. He contrasts the certainty that arises from intuition and demonstrative reasoning with the certainty that arises from causal reasoning. He denies that the causal maxim is absolutely or metaphysically necessary, but he nonetheless takes the causal maxim and ‘proofs’ to be necessary. The focus of this paper is the cer...

A database is called uncertain if two or more tuples of the same relation are allowed to agree on their primary key. Intuitively, such tuples act as alternatives for each other. A repair (or possible world) of such uncertain database is obtained by selecting a maximal number of tuples without ever selecting two tuples of the same relation that agree on their primary key. For a Boolean query q, ...

Writing academic texts by novice researchers requires a framework and support by learning how to cite the works of others. However, compared to the studies on other academic writings, studying citations by considering certainty markers has received little attention. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the shifts of certainty markers (hedges and boosters) in pre- and post-citation ...

Writing academic texts by novice researchers requires a framework and support by learning how to cite the works of others. However, compared to the studies on other academic writings, studying citations by considering certainty markers has received little attention. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the shifts of certainty markers (hedges and boosters) in pre- and post-citation ...

In this initial annotation study, we suggest an appropriate approach for determining the level of certainty in text, including classification into multiple levels of certainty, types of statement and indicators of amplified certainty. A primary evaluation, based on pairwise inter-annotator agreement (IAA) using F1-score, is performed on a small corpus comprising documents from the World Bank. W...

This paper addresses the problem of perception and localisation for a mobile robot in an unknown environment. It describes a modelling of the environment based on two certainty grids: one local model and the other one a global model. Localisation of the robot is reduced to nding the best alignment of the local certainty grid onto the global certainty grid. Four localisation procedures to correc...

Critical thinking is necessary to read the scientific literature. However, in addition to questions about the science, often one must also question the meaning of the text. This article provides an example of the analyses needed to understand a single sentence. In so doing, it raises several interesting issues of meaning, measurement, statistical analyses, and the form in which results are pres...

Why do we tend to think that phenomenal consciousness poses a hard problem? The answer seems lie in part the fact have impression experiences are presented us particularly immediate and revelatory way: sense of acquaintance with our experiences. Recent views offered resources explain such persisting impression, by hypothesizing very design cognitive systems inevitably leads hold beliefs about o...