A sprinkler irrigation system was tested to assess its efficacy for volatilizing organic chemicals in pumped groundwater. In field tests involving the analysis of more than 250 samples collected from beneath a spray irrigation system, removal rates of ethylene dibromide (EDB), 1,1,2-trichloroethylene (TCE), 1,1,1-trichloroethane (TCA), and carbon tetrachloride (CT) in samplers placed 0.5 m abov...

The WHO suggests that humans require an absolute minimum of 7.5 L of water per day, while a minimum of about 20 L of water per person per day is recommended to ensure adequate hygienic standards. With a population of 7.5 billion, this works out to 150 billion litres of safe freshwater daily, globally. Much more than this is generally consumed in developed nations, while less than adequate amoun...

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to compare between slow and rapid sand filters for the removal of free-living amoebae during drinking water treatment production. METHODS Overall, 48 water samples were collected from two drinking water treatment plants having two different filtration systems (slow and rapid sand filters) and from inlet and outlet of each plant. Water samples were collecte...

Waterworks in Sweden that apply conventional chemical surface water treatment are facing a number of challenges, including changes in raw water quality and demands for improved particle removal. The chief objective of this work was to evaluate biological pre-filtration for typical Swedish surface water, regarding the removal of natural organic matter, particles, iron and manganese, and taste an...

The flexibility of membrane contactors (MCs) is highlighted for a reverse osmosis (RO) desalination plant. MCs are applied as pre-treatment the oxygen removal and pH reduction seawater, also post-treatment increase RO permeate brine volume. A decrease seawater down to neutral values, needed when coagulation used in line RO, together with an up 7.58, matching target produced water, can be obtain...

Background & Aims of the Study: Coagulation is an essential process for the removal of fine particulate matter in water treatment. Polyaluminium ferric chloride (PAFC) is a composite inorganic polymer of Aluminium and ferric salt. This study was conducted to find out the optimum coagulation conditions for the removal of turbidity, color and organic matter (UV absorbance) in low to mediu...

Major waterborne cryptosporidiosis and giardiasis outbreaks associated with contaminated drinking water have been linked to evidence of suboptimal treatment. Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts are particularly more resistant than Giardia lamblia cysts to removal and inactivation by conventional water treatment (coagulation, sedimentation, filtration and chlorine disinfection); therefore, extensive ...