The more common causes of parotid enlargement in children are infections and inflammatory conditions. Primary neoplasms of the parotid glands are rare in pediatric age group; however, secondary malignancies have been reported in survivors of childhood leukemia. The parotid glands have been the sites of relapses in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and acute myeloid leukemia. However, bilateral...

Background and Aims: DNA methyltransferase3A (DNMT3A) is necessary for the adjustment of gene expression, and the mutations in the DNMT3A gene are reported in a variety of leukemia cases. DNMT3A mutations are during cancer progression and cause poor prognosis in many leukemias. Thus, this gene can be a target for new treatments. This study aimed to examine the distribution of DNMT3A mutations i...

Background & Objective: Although the antigen expression patterns of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) are well known, this study attempted to evaluate commonly used immune markers for immunophenotyping of acute leukemia to set the minimum of necessary diagnostic panels by flow cytometry. Methods: This study evaluated 89 patients referred from all over th...

The online version of this article has a Supplementary Appendix. Background Protein phosphatase 2A is a novel potential therapeutic target in several types of chronic and acute leukemia, and its inhibition is a common event in acute myeloid leukemia. Upregulation of SET is essential to inhibit protein phosphatase 2A in chronic myeloid leukemia, but its importance in acute myeloid leukemia has n...

Congenital leukemia is uncommon and excluding transient myeloproliferation associated with Down syndrome, makes up approximately 1% of childhood leukemias. A newborn boy was born with multiple subcutaneous nodules and large purpuric papules. Skin biopsy revealed proliferation of atypical hematologic cells in the dermis. Bone marrow morphology was consistent with acute myeloid leukemia (M5) and ...

BACKGROUND Aurora kinases play an essential role in the orchestration of chromosome separation and cytokinesis during mitosis. Small-molecule inhibition of the aurora kinases has been shown to result in inhibition of cell division, phosphorylation of histone H3 and the induction of apoptosis in a number of cell systems. These characteristics have led aurora kinase inhibitors to be considered as...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Mutations of KIT receptor tyrosine kinase are involved in the constitutive activation and development of human hematologic malignancies. Gain-of-function mutations in the second intracellular kinase domain (TK2) and in the juxtamembrane domain are described in patients with core binding factor acute myeloid leukemia (CBFL) and are associated with leukocytosis. We evalu...

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is also referred to non-lymphocytic leukemia in the literature. It comprises about 15% of the childhood leukemia. There are multiple subtypes of AML from M0-M7 with approximately 45% of the cases being M0-M2 and the remaining subtypes being rare. The definitive diagnosis relies on bone marrow biopsy showing bone marrow infiltration with leukemic cells. We describe a...

BACKGROUND Leukemia is the most frequently occurring cancer in children. Although its etiology is largely unknown, leukemia is believed to result from an interaction between genetic and environmental factors. Among different potential risk factors, the possible role of maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy has been questioned. METHODS To assess the association between maternal alcohol...