Landscape ecology deals with ecological processes in their spatial context. It shares with ecosystem ecology the primate of emergent ecological disciplines. The aim of this contribution is to approach the definition of landscapes using cognitive paradigms. Neutral-based landscape (NbL), individual-based landscape (IbL) and observed-based landscape (ObL) are defined to explore the cognitive mech...

Meter perception is the process of inferring metrical structure, a hierarchical and regular mental framework of beats, from an auditory signal. Research on meter perception revolves around the question how listeners perform this task. Formal theories provide a complete abstract representation of metrical structure. Thereby, they provide a clear overview of its key properties and can be implemen...

Fodor has argued that observation is theory neutral, since the perceptual systems are modular, that is, they are domain-specific, encapsulated, mandatory, fast, hard-wired in the organism, and have a fixed neural architecture. Churchland attacks the theoretical neutrality of observation on the grounds that (a) the abundant top-down pathways in the brain suggest the cognitive penetration of perc...

Much is known about family-friendly workplaces. This article examines the less understood familyfriendliness of the communities in which dual-earner couples reside. Using data from a representative sample of dual-earner couples (N1⁄4 727) in upstate New York, we examine how individual, couple, and neighborhood characteristics are associated with perceptions of community family-friendliness. Usi...

OBJECTIVE The aim of this case series was to assess the impact of auditory rehabilitation with cochlear implantation on the cognitive function of elderly patients over time. DESIGN This is a longitudinal case series of prospective data assessing neurocognitive function and speech perception in an elderly cohort pre- and post-implantation. SETTING University cochlear implant center. PARTIC...

BACKGROUND The District Health System was endorsed as the key strategy to achieve 'Health for all' during the WHO organized inter-regional meeting in Harare in 1987. Many expectations were put upon the district health system, including planning. Although planning should be evidence based to prioritize activities, in Uganda it has been described as occurring more by chance than by choice. The ro...

Since its inception in the early 1990s the enactive approach to perception has been generating an extensive amount of interest and debate in the cognitive sciences. The original idea behind this approach can be summarized by the claim that perceiving is not about the recovery of a perceiver-independent world, but rather consists in perceptually guided, embodied action. More recently, the approa...

This article is an attempt to situate imagination within consciousness complete with its own pre-cognitive, cognitive, and meta-cognitive domains. In the first sections we briefly review traditional philosophical and psychological conceptions of the imagination. The majority have viewed perception and imagination as separate faculties, performing distinct functions. A return to a phenomenologic...