The potential use of spoligotyping—a polymerase chain reaction based typing system for diVerentiation of strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis—for studying the epidemiology of tuberculosis in developing countries which do not routinely perform mycobacterial culture is described in this issue of Thorax by Heyderman et al in a study from Zimbabwe. 1 How does this newer method compare with the now...

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Karla de Oliveira Pelegrino, Sofia Sugayama, Karina Lezirovitz, Ana Lúcia Catelani, Fernando Kok, Maria de Lourdes Chauffaille I Instituto de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento, Grupo Fleury, São Paulo/SP, Brazil. II Hospital das Clı́nicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Departamento de Pediatria, São Paulo/SP, Brazil. III Hospital das Clı́nicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universi...

Recently, structural variation in the genome has been implicated in many complex diseases. Using genomewide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays, researchers are able to investigate the impact not only of SNP variation, but also of copy-number variants (CNVs) on the phenotype. The most common analytic approach involves estimating, at the level of the individual genome, the underlying num...

UNLABELLED Copy number abnormalities (CNAs) such as somatically-acquired chromosomal deletions and duplications drive the development of cancer. As individual tumor genomes can contain tens or even hundreds of large and/or focal CNAs, a major difficulty is differentiating between important, recurrent pathogenic changes and benign changes unrelated to the subject's phenotype. Here we present Cop...

The genetic structure and function of MHC class I chain-related (MIC) genes in the pig genome have not been well characterized, and show discordance in available data. Therefore, we have experimentally characterized the exon-intron structure and functional copy expression pattern of the pig MIC gene, SLA-MIC2. We have also studied the genetic diversity of SLA-MIC2 from seven different breeds us...

Leprosy is a neglected tropical disease that leads to physical disability and social discrimination. The active surveillance of new cases vigilance for drug resistance can decrease the incidence, improve clinical outcomes people affected by it. We analyzed, with molecular biology techniques, set skin biopsy samples from 25 Venezuelan patients. patients had been diagnosed leprosy in 2014 early 2...