Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is a serine protease inhibitor (serpin) protein with well established neuroprotective and anti-angiogenic properties. Recent studies have also shown that PEDF enhances renewal of adult subventricular zone (SVZ) neural precursors. In neurosphere cultures prepared from the SVZ of adult mice, we found that addition of recombinant PEDF to the medium enhanced...

Chromosome 22q11 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) is associated with elevated rates of schizophrenia and other psychoses in adulthood. Childhood morphologic brain abnormalities are frequently reported, but the significance of these and their relationship to the development of schizophrenia are unclear. We sought to delineate midline neuroanatomical abnormalities in nonpsychotic children with 22q11DS...

Inbred BALB/c mice are genetically the same, yet less than half of adults show absent or small corpus callosum. Is this because only a minority has prenatal defects of the sling at the telencephalic midline, or do most fetuses have a defective sling but some are able to form a corpus callosum via some other substrate pathway? This question was addressed by comparing large samples of BALB/c fetu...

Structural, volumetric, and microstructural abnormalities have been reported in the white matter of the brain in individuals with phenylketonuria (PKU). Very little research, however, has been conducted to investigate the development of white matter in children with PKU, and the developmental trajectory of their white matter microstructure is unknown. In the current study, diffusion tensor imag...

Objectives—DiVusion tensor imaging (DTI), a technique capable of examining water diVusion in diVerent tissues and the organisation of white matter tracts, was used to investigate the neuropathology of the corpus callosum in vivo in patients with schizophrenia. Methods—DiVusion tensor imaging was performed in 20 schizophrenic patients and 25 healthy controls. Two complementary measures, mean diV...

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain, followed by automated segmentation of the Corpus Callosum in midsagittal sections has important applications in neurology and neurocognitive research since the size and shape of the Corpus Callosum are shown to be correlated to sex, age, neurodegenerative diseases and various lateralized behaviour in people. The segmenting of the Corpus Callosum is...

Motor impairments following unilateral brain injuries may be related to changes in the corpus callosum. The purpose of this study was to determine if the corpus callosum is impacted differently in pediatric versus adult hemiplegia. Diffusion tensor imaging was completed on 41 participants (11 pediatric hemiplegia, 10 adult hemiplegia, 10 pediatric control and 10 adult control). Fractional aniso...

Neuropsychological and neurophysiological studies provide evidence for abnormal interhemispheric communication in schizophrenia. These abnormalities may have a substrate in structural irregularities of the corpus callosum. This study investigated schizophrenia patients (n=27) and healthy comparison subjects (n=31). Global and regional measurements of the corpus callosum were acquired from one m...

BACKGROUND Abnormalities in the corpus callosum have long been implicated in schizophrenia. Previous diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies in patients with different durations of schizophrenia yielded inconsistent results. By comparing patients with different durations of schizophrenia, we investigated if white matter abnormalities of the corpus callosum emerge at an early stage in the illness...

PURPOSE To define the normal and abnormal genu of the corpus callosum by examining its evolution and embryology and by analyzing its normal and abnormal appearance on MR images. METHODS A reference line was drawn from the mamillary body through the anterior commissure and corpus callosum-the MAC line. This line was used to evaluate the genu in adult mammal brains, in human fetal brains, on MR...