PURPOSE Although the inclusion of non-native-speaking participants in nursing research is important in every country where nursing research takes place, the literature contains little on the method of achieving quality translation while simultaneously addressing cost containment. We describe a process for evaluating translation adequacy and demonstrate its use in comparing procedures for transl...

bus systems are unstable without considering any control. thus, we are able to consider some control strategies to alleviate this problem. a holding control strategy is one commonly used real-time control strategy that can improve service quality. this paper develops a mathematical model for a holding control strategy. the objective of this model is to minimize the total cost related to passeng...

control of production processes in an industrial environment needs the correct setting of input factors, so that output products with desirable characteristics will be resulted at minimum cost. moreover, such systems havetomeetset of qualitycharacteristicstosatisfycustomer requirements.identifyingthemosteffectivefactorsindesignoftheprocesswhichsupportcontinuousandcontinualimprovement isrecently...

This article summarizes what is known about the cost and quality of full-time child care in centers and family child care homes, and about parents' attention to quality in making child care choices. It relies primarily upon two recent studies which are among the first to collect detailed information about child care operating costs: the Cost, Quality, and Child Outcomes in Child Care Centers st...

background: eos is a 2d/3d muscle skeletal diagnostic imaging system. the device has been developed to produce a high quality 2d, full body radiographs in standing, sitting and squatting positions. three dimensional images can be reconstructed via stereos software. this health technology assessment study aimed to investigate efficacy, effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of new emerged eos imag...

background: galactosemia is a congenital metabolic disorder that can damage the health of a newborn. screening is an important step to prevent and treat this condition. due to increasing health care costs and limited financial resources of health systems, the most suitable economic analysis tool should be applied. the aim of this study was to analyze the cost-utility of neonatal screening progr...

BACKGROUND Atopic dermatitis is a global public health concern owing to its increasing prevalence and socioeconomic burden. However, few studies have assessed the economic impact of atopic dermatitis in Korea. OBJECTIVE We conducted a cost analysis of atopic dermatitis and evaluated its economic impacts on individual annual disease burden, quality of life, and changes in medical expenses with...

in december 2015, the world health organization (who) published the first ever report on the estimates of the global burden of foodborne diseases, which included diseases related to chemical exposures in foods such as peanut allergy. in the report, the burden of disease related to peanut allergies was measured for the european, american and west pacific regions. the report showed that unlike ot...