Previous scientific data suggests that enterovirus infections, especially those caused by coxsackieviruses have a role in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes. One mechanism by which viral infection could initiate or accelerate diabetogenic process in humans is ‘molecular mimicry’, induction of antiviral immune responses which cross-react with self-epitopes in insulin producing β-cells. This stu...

Background: Among the most common causes of death in preterm infants are neonatal infections, which remain high despite antibiotic therapy and preservative measures. The control of hospital infections is now a global priority, and many factors contribute to the spread of these infections. This study aimed to determine the frequency of bacterial infections in neonates a...

objectives the aim of this study was to determine the 3 most prevalent bacterial pathogens including acinetobacter baumannii, pseudomonas aeruginosa and staphylococcus aureus causing nosocomial infections and their antimicrobial resistant profiles in patients admitted to three hospitals in tehran city, iran. materials and methods in this cross-sectional study, the a. baumannii, p. aeruginosa an...

Exposure to certain viruses and parasites has been shown to prevent the induction of transplantation tolerance in mice via the generation of cross-reactive memory T cell responses or the induction of bystander activation. Bacterial infections are common in the perioperative period of solid organ allograft recipients in the clinic, and correlations between bacterial infections and acute allograf...

OBJECTIVE Develop a simple method for optimal estimation of HIV incidence using the BED capture enzyme immunoassay. DESIGN Use existing BED data to estimate mean recency duration, false recency rates and HIV incidence with reference to a fixed time period, T. METHODS Compare BED and cohort estimates of incidence referring to identical time frames. Generalize this approach to suggest a metho...

Methods A cross-sectional survey of 1050 HIV-infected adults from routine HIV clinics was conducted. Subjects completed a questionnaire about demography, lifestyle factors, fracture history and management, exposure to glucocorticoids and other drugs influencing bone metabolism. HIV details (duration and route of infection, disease stage, cART exposure and parameters of viral control) were recor...

BACKGROUND The goal of this research is to study the psychosocial determinants of HIV-testing as a function of the decision or change stage concerning this health behavior. The determinants considered in the major ongoing health models and the stages contemplated in the Precaution Adoption Process Model are analysed. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was administered to 1,554 people over 16 ye...

Evidence suggests that the intracellular bacterial pathogen Coxiella burnetii (which causes Q fever) is widespread, with a near global distribution. While there has been increasing attention to Q fever epidemiology in high-income settings, a recent systematic review highlighted significant gaps in our understanding of the prevalence, spatial distribution and risk factors for Q fever infection a...