We develop a free energy density to model a structural first-order phase transformation from a high-temperature cubic phase to a low-temperature tetragonal phase. The free energy density models the softening of the elastic modulus controlling the low-energy path from the cubic to the tetragonal lattice, the loss of stability of the tetragonal phase at high temperatures and the loss of stability...

In case of Thiocarlidum (1) the thermoanalytical examination showed an endothermic transformation without loss of weight. This occured in samples recrystallized from cold polar solvents and the transformation proved to be non-reversible. The UV and IR spectra of the two samples differed characteristically and X-ray studies showed that the two modifications (in the following aand ßmodifications ...

We have studied the transformation of carbides in AISI M42 high-speed steels in the temperature window used for forging. The annealing was found to result in the partial transformation of the large, metastable M2C carbides into small, more stable grains of M6C, with an associated change in the crystal orientation. In addition, MC carbides form during the transformation of M2C to M6C. From the h...

In case of Thiocarlidum (1) the thermoanalytical examination showed an endothermic transformation without loss of weight. This occured in samples recrystallized from cold polar solvents and the transformation proved to be non-reversible. The UV and IR spectra of the two samples differed characteristically and X-ray studies showed that the two modifications (in the following aand ßmodifications ...

Dielectric relaxation spectra of a metastable crystal phase formed on implosive and exothermic transformation of pressure-amorphized hexagonal ice have been measured in situ at 0.97 GPa pressure over a range of temperature. The metastable phase showed no relaxation peak at 130 K and 0.97 GPa. When heated at a fixed pressure of 0.97 GPa, it began to transform at approximately 145 K exothermally ...

A crystal plasticity-based constitutive model is developed to describe the thermomechanical behavior of pseudoelastic NiTi single crystal. The includes, for first time in literature, all inelastic mechanisms influencing fatigue SMAs a finite strain framework: martensite transformation, deformation slip austenite at high-temperature, twinning large strain, transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP...

cacl2 treatment followed by heat shock is the most common method for artificial transformation. here, the cells were transformed using cacl2 treatment either with heat shock (standard protocol) or without heat shock (lab protocol) to comprehend the difference in transformation efficiency. the bl21 strain of escherichia coli (e. coli) was being susceptible using cacl2 treatment. some cells were ...