this paper reviews the essence of effective governance and importance of a multi-sectoral approach in generating health systems response to hiv/aids. this comprehensive approach highlights the importance of integrating reproductive sexual health programs and hiv prevention services, including peer education, life skills, and voluntary counseling and testing (vct), for prevention of mother–to-ch...

INTRODUCTION: This paper investigates the determinants of citizen participation in community affairs and the role of citizen participation in the effectiveness of local government in decentralized systems of government. We have formulated two specific research questions: (1) What determines citizen participation? (2) Does citizen participation affect actual performance of local governments? For...

The need for reputation assessment is particularly strong in peer-to-peer (P2P) systems because the peers’ personal site autonomy is amplified by the inherent technological decentralization of the environment. However, the decentralization notion makes the problem of designing a peer-to-peer based reputation assessment substantially harder in P2P networks than in centralized settings. Existing ...

international health is still highly dominated by equilibrium approaches. the emergence of systems thinking in international health provides a great avenue to develop innovative health interventions adapted to changing contexts. the public health community, nevertheless, has the responsibility to translate concepts related to systems thinking and complexity into concrete research methods and in...

The most important theoretical argument concerning decentralization is that it can improve governance by making government more accountable and responsive to the governed. Improving governance is also central to the motivations of real-world reformers, who bear risks and costs in the interest of devolution. But the literature has mostly focused instead on policy-relevant outcomes, such as educa...

Background Systematic reviews are increasingly used to inform health policy-making. The conflicts of interest (COI) of the authors of systematic reviews may bias their results and influence their conclusions. This may in turn lead to misguided public policies and systems level decisions. In order to mitigate the adverse impact of COI, scientific journals require authors to disclose their COIs. ...