Supply Chain Formation (SCF) is the process of determining the participants in a supply chain, who will exchange what with whom, and the terms of the exchanges. Decentralized SCF appears as a highly intricate task because agents only possess local information, have limited knowledge about the capabilities of other agents, and prefer to preserve privacy. Very recently, the decentralized SCF prob...

this research provides an optimization tool for use by supply chain managers in the design and operation of manufacturing- distribution networks under uncertain demand conditions. the problem under consideration consists of determining the supply chain infrastructure; raw material purchases, shipments, and inventories; and finished product production quantities, inventories, and shipments neede...

Rice quality affects social stability, consumer health, and corporate brand benefit. The traditional supply chain traceability management system is centralized, monopolized, asymmetric, opaque. It the main factor leading to frequent food safety incidents. This paper proposes a technological control for rice protect products safety. Firstly, it adopts risk assessment mechanism prevent hazard fac...

In this research, we investigate a three-stage supply chain with one supplier, several manufacturers and multiple retailers where the supplier provides a common raw material to each manufacturer, who in turn uses a single stage production facility to convert it into final products that are delivered at fixed lot sizes to retailers. An integrated economic procurement, production, and delivery mo...

Nowadays, Economic systems play an important role in environment's field. Along with the rapid change in global manufacturing scenario, environmental and social issues are becoming more important in managing any business. Increasing pressures and challenges to improve economic and environmental performance have been caused developing countries in generally in particular to consider and to start...

green supply chain management is an environmental approach in supply chain management that aims to decrease ecological risks in products’ life cycle. closed-loop supply chain by collecting and recycling the harmful production in nature attempts to achieve this goal. in this paper, due to different strategies in collecting products, several pricing models in two-echelon closed supply chain are p...

We introduce and study the range contract, which allows a buyer to procure from a supplier at a prescribed price any amountwithin a specified range. In return, the supplier is compensated up front for thewidth of the rangewith a range fee. This fee canbe viewed as the buyer tradingmonetary value for reduceduncertainty. The range contract generalizes and unifiesmany common contracts, such as fix...

Global supply chains are complex dynamical systems. Due to nonlinear dependencies between production locations, already a perturbation at one location can change the dynamic behavior of the whole supply chain. As a consequence the supply of customers in time may be at risk. In this paper we present an approach to supply chain design that maximizes the robustness of a supply chain in regard to p...