Electricity is unique among the alternative fuels in a low carbon fuel standard (LCFS) policy, in that demand from vehicles is the major barrier to its usage, not supply. This paper presents a policy discussion and policy recommendations on a number of topics related to the regulation and incentives for fuel electricity within the LCFS. In the near-term, the LCFS will have a limited role in inc...

A major goal of smart grid technology (e.g., smart meters) is to provide consumers with demand response signals such as electricity tariff and CO2 footprint so that the consumers can consciously control their electricity consumption patterns. These demand response signals provide incentives for the consumers to help reduce peak energy demand by load balancing, as this is particularly relevant i...

When evaluating residential energy systems like co-generation systems, hot water and electricity demand profiles are critical. In this paper, the authors aim to extract basic time-series demand patterns from two kinds of measured demand (electricity and domestic hot water), and also aim to reveal effective demand patterns for primary energy saving. Time-series demand data are categorized with a...

The price of electricity is far more volatile than that of other commodities normally noted for extreme volatility. Demand and supply are balanced on a knife-edge because electric power cannot be economically stored, end user demand is largely weather dependent, and the reliability of the grid is paramount. The possibility of extreme price movements increases the risk of trading in electricity ...

The rapidly increasing electricity demand and the expected increase in contribution of variable renewable energy sources raise need for looking at characteristics long-term variations. Furthermore, changes (e.g., penetration electric vehicles) could affect shape future load curves. However, integrated assessment models often assume a constant shape. In this research, curves is determined with g...

Demand prediction is an important aspect in the development of any model for electricity planning. The analysis of customer load profile and load estimation is an important and useful area of electricity distribution technology and management. In our system we are trying to analyze particular household data so as to define its load profile based upon various factors and try to predict its futur...

The UK government has set the ambitious targets of 20 and 50% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions by 2020 and 2050 respectively. The transport sector accounts for 21% of total CO2 emissions in the UK and can, therefore, be important for achieving the emissions reduction targets. Within the transport sector, electric vehicles (EV) are considered as one of the important mitigation options. Howe...

By international standards the economy of South Africa is extremely energy intensive with only a few countries having higher intensities. SA’s primary energy use per unit of GDP is amongst the highest in the world The high energy and electricity intensity of the economy partly reflects SA’s resource endowments (in particular the abundance of coal) but is also a function of the historical under-...