Appropriate statistical analyses are an integral part of surgical research. The purpose of this work is to assist surgeons and clinicians with the interpretation of statistics by providing a general understanding of the basic concepts that lead to choosing an appropriate statistical test for common study designs. It is extremely important to understand the nature of the data before embarking on...

We discuss time reversal ($T$) violation in neutrino oscillations generic new physics scenarios. A general parametrization is adopted to describe flavor evolution, which captures a wide range of effects, including nonstandard interactions, nonunitarity, and sterile neutrinos model-independent way. In this framework, we properties the context long-baseline experiments. Special attention given fu...

This study aims to determine the impact of Covid-19 on performance SMEs Registered at Palembang Cooperative Service in 2020. The variables used this are independent form Sales Productivity (X1), Working Capital (X2), Government Policy (X3) and dependent variable is Performance (Y) by doing partial or simultaneous testing. a questionnaire data collection technique. population was 140 MSMEs while...

Mismatch negativity (MMN) is measured by subtracting the averaged response to a set of standard stimuli from the averaged response to rarer deviant stimuli, and taking the amplitude of this difference wave in a given time window. This method is problematic when used to evaluate individuals, because there is no estimate of variance. We describe a new approach, in which independent components wit...

Two R packages for sensitivity analysis in observational studies are described. Package sensitivitymw is for matched pairs with one treated subject and one control, or matched sets with one treated subject and a fixed number, K ≥ 2, of controls. Package sensitivitymv is for matched sets with variable numbers of controls. The packages offer conventional statistics, such as the permutational t-te...