OBJECTIVES Among patients with HIV, the risk of death associated with different AIDS events has been quantified, but the risk of death associated with non-AIDS events has not been examined. We compared the risk of all-cause mortality following AIDS versus serious non-AIDS (SNA) events in the Strategies for Management of Antiretroviral Therapy (SMART) study and the Evaluation of Subcutaneous Pro...

OBJECTIVE To investigate the relative predictive value of CD4(+) metrics for serious clinical endpoints. DESIGN Observational. METHODS Patients (3012; 20 317 person-years) from control arms of ESPRIT and SILCAAT were followed prospectively. We used Cox regression to identify CD4(+) metrics (latest, baseline and nadir CD4(+) cell count, latest CD4(+)%, time spent with CD4(+) count below cert...

OBJECTIVE To compare rates of AIDS-defining and non-AIDS-defining malignancies between patients on a CD4 T-cell-guided antiretroviral therapy (ART) strategy and continuous ART. DESIGN A randomized clinical trial. METHODS Malignancy rates were compared between the drug conservation arm in which ART was stopped if the CD4 T-cell count exceeded 350 cells/microl and (re)started if it fell to le...

Background In Vietnam, women are at risk of HIV infection due to many factors. However, there is limited evidence about what women know and how they behave to protect themselves from HIV. Objective The objective of this study was to investigate the trends in comprehensive HIV/AIDS knowledge, attitude, and associated factors among Vietnamese women from 2000 to 2011. Design Data from three waves ...

BACKGROUND Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is associated epidemiologically with HIV infection and a number of countries have reported a dramatic increase in the incidence of KS with the advent of AIDS. Although AIDS is prevalent in Kenya, no studies on the impact of AIDS on the pattern of KS has been carried out. OBJECTIVE To determine any changes in the pattern of KS that might have occurred since the...

OBJECTIVE To assess whether immunodeficiency is associated with the most frequent non-AIDS-defining causes of death in the era of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). DESIGN Observational multicentre cohorts. METHODS Twenty-three cohorts of adults with estimated dates of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seroconversion were considered. Patients were seroconverters followed within the...

24 years since the identifi cation of HIV as the causal agent of AIDS, the pandemic continues to outpace attempts at control. The response to HIV/AIDS has been inadequate, and has consisted of crisis management rather than purposeful public health policies, because of the early silent spread of the virus, its high incidence in high-risk populations, its uniformly fatal outcome if not treated, a...

This multi-centre repeated measures study was undertaken to determine how contrasting designs of cognitive aids affect team performance during simulated intra-operative anaphylaxis crises. A total of 24 teams consisting of a consultant anaesthetist, an anaesthetic trainee and anaesthetic assistant managed three simulated intra-operative anaphylaxis emergencies. Each team was assigned at random ...

Non-speech audio navigation systems can be very effective mobility aids for persons with either temporary or permanent vision loss. Sound design has certainly been shown to be important in such devices [e.g. 1]. In this study we consider the added factor of capture radius. The capture radius of an auditory beacon is defined as the range at which the system considers a user to have reached the w...