Promotion time models have been recently adapted to the context of infectious diseases to take into account discrete and multiple exposures. However, Poisson distribution of the number of pathogens transmitted at each exposure was a very strong assumption and did not allow for inter-individual heterogeneity. Bernoulli, the negative binomial, and the compound Poisson distributions were proposed ...

primary localized amyloidosis of eyelid is a localized type of amyloidosis without evidence of systemic involvement. we report a 75-year-old man suffering of unilateral (left) ptosis due to upper eyelid mass with bony consistency. eye examination revealed upper lid mass attached to tarsus. no ocular infection or inflammation was found. pathologist reported diffuse distribution of eosinophilic h...

Background and aims: Scabies is a common worldwide parasitic contagious disease caused by Sarcoptes scabiei of the order of Astigmata of the family of Sarcoptidae. Therefore, this review is to determine the exact status of scabies in Iran in order to manage it better. Methods: On the whole, out of the 120 articles and books, 56 ones were co...

Background: Brucellosis is one of the endemic and a Zoonotic disease of the Iran. Science the rapid diagnosis and quick treatment are very important, selection of a sensitive and specific test solving this problem is of a great importance. The main aim of this study is comparison of routine serologic test with standard Elisa test. Materials and methods: In this survey, 176 suspected patient...

infectious bursal disease (ibd) is an economically important viral disease of chickens with worldwide distribution which suppresses the immune system of young chickens. vp2 is the major host-protective protein of infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv). the encoding region of vp2 protein was pcr amplified from a plasmid containing a cdna fragment of large genomic segment of ibdv, strain d78. thi...

this study was conducted in khorasan-razavi during 23 months (since february 2004 to december 2005). the samples (83 samples) of suspected farms were collected from tongue and mouth epithelium and tested by indirect sandwich elisa and rt-pcr. during the study, twelve foci during the year 2004 and 23 foci during the year 2005 (up to december) were approved. maximum distribution of fmd foci was o...

conclusions in this study, high prevalence of 91.7% hcmv gb1 genotype was predominant among hcmv-positive uc patients, which suggests that there might be an association between hcmv gb genotype 1 and uc disease. results among 98 patients with uc, only 12 (12.2%) patients were positive for hcmv genome, while the hcmv genome was not detected in any of the controls. (p = 0.002). the distribution o...

herpes simplex virus (hsv) is a worldwide contagious infection disease.  it usually transmitted during childhood via nonsexual contacts. one of the important causes of genital herpes in developed countries is hsvi. having knowledge about distribution and prevalence of this infection in pregnant women may help to choose an appropriate treatment and prevention methods. 65 pregnant women who have ...