background negotiations surrounding the trans-pacific partnership (tpp) trade and investment agreement have recently concluded. although trade and investment agreements, part of a broader shift to global economic integration, have been argued to be vital to improved economic growth, health, and general welfare, these agreements have increasingly come under scrutiny for their direct and indirect...

Extending Ireland’s (1994) model, this paper analyzes an international economy where cash or credit can be used for payment. Foreign trade credit is more costly than its domestic analog. A depreciation of the real exchange rate is associated with an external surplus and a reduced share of imports purchased with credit. Economic growth slows when foreign trade credit becomes the predominant mean...

introduction: agriculture as one of old sectors of economy has been important role in the supply food for peoples and raw materials. globalization causes rapid growth of world trade and reduces information and communications costs. globalization and rapid growth of trade increases the potential benefits of trade for agriculture from various aspects. the potential benefits of trade for agricultu...