Alterations in the gene expression profile in epithelial cells during breast ductal carcinoma (DC) progression have been shown to occur mainly between pure ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) to the in situ component of a lesion with coexisting invasive ductal carcinoma (DCIS-IDC) implying that the molecular program for invasion is already established in the preinvasive lesion. For assessing early ...

background and objectives: breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women throughout the world. there are controversial reports on the role of human papillomavirus (hpv) infection in breast carcinogenesis. the aim of this study was to assess the presence of hpv-dna in invasive breast carcinoma to determine the association between hpv infection and breast carcinoma. methods: the study incl...

BACKGROUND Paired-like homeodomain transcription factor 2 (PITX2) is another new marker in breast carcinoma since hypermethylation at P2 promoter of this gene was noted to be associated with poor prognosis. We investigated the expression of PITX2 protein using immunohistochemistry in invasive ductal carcinoma and its association with the established growth receptors such as estrogen receptor (E...

The aim of the study was to compare morphometric characteristics of different types and grades of breast cancer. Morphometric analysis was performed using the SFORM software (Vamstec, Zagreb) on the May-Grünwald-Giemsa stained fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) breast tissue specimens. The study included 42 patients diagnosed with breast carcinoma by breast smear FNAC at Merkur University H...

INTRODUCTION Women with ductal hyperplasia including usual ductal hyperplasia (UDH) and atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH) have an increased risk of developing invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) of breast. The importance of several molecular markers in breast cancer has been of considerable interest during recent years such as p53 and estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha). However, p53 nuclear accumula...

Gastric metastasis from breast carcinoma occurs rarely and generally derives from infiltrating lobular carcinoma (ILC) rather than infiltrating ductal carcinoma (IDC). Here, we reported a case of breast infiltrating ductal carcinoma metastasis to stomach in a 58-year-old woman, who experienced epigastric pain and abdominal distention for ten days. Gastric endoscopy was performed and revealed er...

Breast cancers that present with mucin include mucinous carcinoma and carcinoma with signet ring cell differentiation. The former shows extracellular mucin and the latter shows abundant intracellular mucin. Here, we report a case of breast cancer showing both extracellular mucin and extensive signet ring cell differentiation due to abundant intracellular mucin. Unlike mucinous carcinoma, this c...