Large-scale networked environments, such as the Internet, possess the characteristics of distributed data, distributed access and distributed control; this gives the user a powerful mechanism for building and integrating large repositories of distributed information from diverse resources. However, few support tools have been developed to allow the user to take advantage of the distributed natu...

According to Architecture curriculum, the History of Islamic Architecture Introduction is the only course in architecture curriculum in Architecture Faculties that is about Islamic architecture. The overall objectives of the course are: familiarity with the concept of Islamic architecture, understanding spatial characteristics and special qualities of this type of architecture, being familiar w...

islam is regarded to pay attention to the characteristics of urban life which can be practiced on the urban settings. not surprisingly, islam has made a great focus on the form and design of cities and prescribed detailed and elaborate regulations for individual and communal life. seen from other way round, the penetration of islam into various regions such as iran, europe, and africa had an un...

We propose a general equilibrium economy with oligopolistic output markets in which two channels can cause change market power: (i) technology, via changes to productivity shocks and the cost of entry, (ii) structure, number potential competitors. First, we disentangle these narratives by matching time-series on markups, labor reallocation costs between 1980 2016, finding that both are necessar...

Past studies on the effects of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) scores firm performance have found mixed support. To further unpack these findings, we focus industry-level dynamism predictability ESG sales investor expectations prospects growth. Dynamism (predictability) is based standard error (R-squared) industry ratings regressed sales. Taking an investor’s perspective, a forward-...