I n the preceding article, I proposed live delinitions of strategy -as a plan, ploy, pattern, position, and perspective. Drawing on these, I wish to investigate here the question of why organizations really do need strategies. In discussing some of the conventional reasons as well as other ones-to set direction, focus effort, define the organization, provide consistency-I will consider how thes...

A wide variety of applications, including traditional data transfer and adaptive real-time multimedia, can potentially use the ATM available bit rate service. While these applications all share the ability to adapt their rate, they otherwise may have very different characteristics. The goal of this paper is to examine routing algorithms in the context of two different classes of best-effort app...

The IT landscape in German hospitals is characterized by great heterogeneity. While IT-systems directly supporting medical diagnosis generally show high adoption rates, acceptance of process supporting systems, such as systems supporting the documentation processes, is often not as originally envisioned when the system was implemented. This research analyzes physicians’ perceptions towards adop...

the economic growth and development programs in iran call for particular attention for environmental quality control and protection through designing proper sewage treatment and disposal. to design such system, 'the frequency analysis of rainfall is required for the estimation of quantities of flows. there are few places in iran, with adequate rainfall data to permit frequency analysis, an...

Background & Aims of the Study:  Occupational stress is one of the most common problems that can occur in any occupational population and can cause problems for the individual mental health.  Therefore, the present study aims to investigate the relation between occupational stress and psychological distress in Isfahan’s steel employees. Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional study was co...

The present study was an attempt to provide a psycholinguistic account of cognitive processes underlying responding and questioning. It also strived to identify the potential differences between responding and questioning cognitive processes in Target Language Use Situation tasks. To accomplish the objectives, 65 Iranian general IELTS applicants from two foreign language learning instit...

one of the most important aspects of software project management is the estimation of cost and time required for running information system. therefore, software managers try to carry estimation based on behavior, properties, and project restrictions. software cost estimation refers to the process of development requirement prediction of software system. various kinds of effort estimation patter...

this paper aims at comparing tax effort in iran with that of 14 developing countries including jordan, algeria, malaysia, congo, nicaragua, india, sri lanka, paraguay, tunisia, peru, venezuela, philippine, and south africa. a tax ratio model is developed for this purpose. seemingly unrelated regression (sur) method and panel data for 1994-2002 periods are utilized to estimate the model. the res...