abstract: in this study, al 2 o 3 /eg and tio 2 /eg nanofluids as coolants have been used in the double-tube heat exchanger. the hot solvent inlet heat exchanger must be cooled down with a specified amount. we can use nanofluids as coolants in the heat exchanger for optimization of the heat transfer area. therefore, the efficacy of nanofluids as coolants is verified. furthermore, flow rate of c...

We develop the theory of smooth principal bundles for a group G, using framework diffeological spaces. After giving new examples showing why arbitrary cannot be classified, we define D-numerable bundles, analogs numerable from topology, and prove that pulling back bundle along smoothly homotopic maps gives isomorphic pullbacks. then structures on Milnor’s spaces EG BG, show → BG is bundle, it c...

Background: Following the spread of dissatisfaction with modern architecture, the machine attitude towards man, and the disregard for human values ​​and human existential dignity, the global movement in support of independence and participation was formed in response to demographic and social realities. Recognized in 1988 as universal design, the movement allowed more people of all levels of ab...

This paper,  applies the concept  of KM-fuzzy metric spaces and  introduces a novel concept of KM-fuzzy metric  graphs based on KM-fuzzy metric spaces.  This study, investigates the finite KM-fuzzy metric spaces with respect to metrics and KM-fuzzy metrics and constructs KM-fuzzy metric spaces on any given non-empty sets. It tries to  extend   the concept of KM-fuzzy metric spaces to  a larger ...

A Collaborative Virtual Environment (CVE) is a metaphor of a real environment, but it is not a copy of it. Members of a community may not know each other in real life. The design of CVE in which members are known and there is interaction in a real space is different to the traditional design of CVE. It should consider the real location of each resource, appropriated awareness and communication ...

Activity-based computing (ABC) is a conceptual and technological framework for designing interactive systems that offers a better mapping between the activities people conduct and the digital entities they use. In ABC, rather than interacting directly with lower-level technical entities like files, folder, documents, etc., users are able to interact with ‘activities’ which encapsulate files and...

As opposed to managing or controlling innovation processes, this paper proposes the notion of enabling as a more suitable approach to innovation. As a consequence, the concept of Enabling Spaces is introduced as a space that is designed in such a way that it enables and facilitates processes of collaborative knowledge creation and innovation. In that context a rather broad notion of space is ap...