Results from Southern hybridization and PCR amplification experiments using a randomly synthesized reverse transcription-PCR product showed that peripheral blood leukocytes from horses showing no clinical signs of disease expressed a putative latency-associated transcript antisense to and overlapping the 3' end of the equid herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) immediate-early gene (gene 64). A PCR product der...

The objective of this study was to investigate whether intramuscular vaccination of healthy adult horses with a killed or a modified live equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) vaccine could induce transient positive PCR results in either blood or secretions collected on a nasopharyngeal swab. Four horses in each group received either a single killed or a modified-live vaccine intramuscularly. Two l...

The objective of this study was to determine viral loads, strain (neuropathogenic versus non-neuropathogenic) and state (lytic, non-replicating, latent) of equine herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1) by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in the blood and nasopharyngeal secretions of adult horses following natural exposure. The index case, a 4-year-old Thoroughbred gelding with confirmed EHV-1 myeloence...

The molecular structure of the equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) gene encoding glycoprotein 13 (gp13) was analyzed. The gene is contained within a 1.8-kilobase AccI-EcoRI restriction fragment mapping at map coordinates 0.136 to 0.148 in the UL region of the EHV-1 genome and is transcribed from right to left. Determination of the nucleotide sequence of the DNA fragment revealed a complete transc...

To develop a live vaccine for equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1), two EHV-1 mutants containing no heterogeneous DNA, DeltagI and DeltagE, were constructed with deletions in the open reading frame of either glycoprotein I (gI) or E (gE), respectively. In equine cell culture, deletion mutants formed smaller plaques than the parental and revertant viruses, but the one-step growth patterns of the de...

Equine coital exanthema (ECE), caused by equid herpesvirus 3 (EHV-3), has been recognized as an economically significant venereal disease for years. However, no infection models on the natural host have been established. In order to set up an experimental infection protocol, seronegative and seropositive mares were topically inoculated in the perineal region with 4 × 10(6)TCID(50)/ml of EHV-3. ...

Key problems using viral vectors for vaccination and gene therapy are antivector immunity, low transduction efficiencies, acute toxicity, and limited capacity to package foreign genetic information. It could be demonstrated that animal and human cells were efficiently transduced with equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) reconstituted from viral DNA maintained and manipulated in Escherichia coli. Betwee...

To effectively manage their electricity networks, owners and operators around the world have a very real need to understand the condition of their often ageing Transmission and Distribution assets. Of all the major asset classes, underground cables often have the least available condition data but at the same time have a significant impact on network performance. One of the predominant causes o...

Bluetongue virus genetic and phenotypic diversity: towards identifying 1 the molecular determinants that influence virulence and transmission 2 potential 3 4 Peter Coetzee, Moritz Van Vuuren , Maria Stokstad, Mette Myrmel, Estelle. H. Venter 5 6 Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of 7 Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, Pretoria, 0110, So...

This paper proposes a novel ultra-high-speed directional relay using the wavelet transform. Two relay signals indicating traveling direction are composed of fault-induced voltage and current waves propagating along EHV/UHV transmission lines. Wavelet transform technique is employed to extract transient components from the relaying signals, and represent the transient component magnitude with wa...