In this fast-changing environmental condition, the effect of fossil fuel in vehicle is a significant concern. Many sustainable sources are being studied to replace exhausting most countries. This paper surveys types electric vehicle’s energy and current scenario on-road its technical challenges. It summarizes number state-of-the-art research progresses bidirectional dc-dc converters control str...

The manuscript proposes a quadratic gain bidirectional converter (QGBC). proposed is operated in two different stages—step-up (motoring) and step-down (regenerative braking)—which can be employed electric vehicle (EV) applications. the continuous inductor current mode (CICM). For regenerative braking (RB) of permanent magnet brushless DC (PMBLDC) motor, self-inductance motor exploiting to step ...

In this paper, a new transformerless buck-boost converter based on ZETA converter is introduced. The proposed converter has the ZETA converter advantages such as, buck-boost capability and input to output DC insulation. The suggested converter voltage gain is higher than the classic ZETA converter. In the presented converter, only one main switch is utilized. The proposed converter offers low v...

Single-Stage transformerless AC/DC converter received much attention in the universal line application. Unlike the existing converters a new high step-down transformerless single-stage single-switch AC/DC converter is proposed. The topology integrates a buck-buck-boost converter with low intermediate bus and output voltage. The converter utilizes a buck converter as a PFC cell and buck-boost co...

The plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) are specialized hybrid electric vehicles that have the potential to obtain enough energy for average daily commuting from batteries. The PHEV battery would be recharged from the power grid at home or at work and would thus allow for a reduction in the overall fuel consumption. This paper proposes an integrated power electronics interface for PHEVs, w...

Soft switching has the potential of reducing switch stresses and of lowering the switching losses as compared to hard switching. For this reason, several soft-switching topologies have been presented in the literature. Each topology has some advantages. Their operation, however, requires additional active and/or passive elements. This introduces additional cost and complexity. To understand the...

A transport equation of momentum for relativistic electrons scattered isotropically was previously reported. Here, a momentum-transport “scattered anisotropically” by the Coulomb force is inquired into. An ideal plasma consisting and deuterons treated again. Also, to raise generation-ability thermionic energy converter, means introducing external electric magnetic fields within “a converter in ...