Although the study of resource subsidies has emerged as a key topic in both ecosystem and food web ecology, the dialogue over their role has been limited by separate approaches that emphasize either subsidy quantity or quality. Considering quantity and quality together may provide a simple, but previously unexplored, framework for identifying the mechanisms that govern the importance of subsidi...

Finland has approximately 150,000 oil-heated private homes. In 2020, the Finnish government launched subsidies for homeowner energy renovations. this study, we examine impact of two new renovation subsidies, ELY grant and ARA grant, from an efficiency point view. Data these reveal that a typical case is building 1970s where oil boiler replaced with air-to-water heat pump. With additional data E...

Abstract The aim of this work is the implementation an optimization model for a hydrogen production facility connected to refuelling station heavy-duty vehicles, operating in field waste management and transportation. composed by two subsequent mixed integer linear programming problems. first problem addresses vehicle schedule second deals with plant design operation. outputs are operation para...

nowadays, electricity is one of the most significant infrastructures required for economic development of countries. hence, predicting electricity demand is very important especially in industry as a major electricity-consuming sector. the majority of studies under the subject of electricity demand have been performed by econometrics and it is not possible to investigate the effect of different...

Humans are increasingly subsidizing and altering natural food webs via changes to nutrient cycling and productivity. Where human trophic subsidies are concentrated and persistent within natural environments, their consumption could have complex consequences for wild animals through altering habitat preferences, phenotypes and fitness attributes that influence population dynamics. Human trophic ...

Federal rental subsidies appear to create disincentives for work through marginal taxes on earnings, income effects, and requirements that nonrecipients on waiting lists maintain low incomes in order to remain eligible. This paper takes advantage of the rationing of housing subsidies by identifying labor supply effects using analytic methods that could not be validly applied to unrationed progr...

This study explores the effect of renewable energy and agriculture on CO 2 emissions in a sample 94 middle-income countries for years 2000–2015. Using two-step generalized method moments (GMM) regression, we find there is negative relationship between production, value added per capita CO2 emissions. If causal, 1% increase electricity output leads to 0.18% decrease Our results remain robust whe...