interest free banking law at 1363 was implemented in the banking system in iran. one of the main goals of this law was eliminating usury from monetary system, and utilization from non-usury credit impact on economic growth through preferring money contribution in the capital. this paper uses data from years 1363 to 1386 and implementing herfindahl-hirschman index, evaluated and ranked concentra...

Police evictions are back – The National Enforcement Bureau under the Ministry of Justice has a new initiative to protect landlords from contractual risks in real estate finance transactions. idea, which belongs Justice, will allow legal entities and individuals register contract sale, including lease tenancy contracts, with Bureau. parties can write agreement that owner have opportunity apply ...

Can public income insurance through progressive income taxation improve the allocation of risk in an economy where private risk sharing is incomplete? The answer depends crucially on the fundamental friction that limits private risk sharing in the first place. If risk sharing is limited because insurance markets are missing for model-exogenous reasons (as in Bewley, 1986) publicly provided risk...

Modern legal proceedings heavily rely on digital evidence as a basis for decisions in variety of contexts, including criminal investigations and civil lawsuits. However, factors like data alteration, unauthorised access, or flaws centralised storage can threaten the security integrity evidence. We suggest decentralised methodology using smart contracts to safeguard order overcome these issues. ...

This study investigated two major types of metadiscourse markers as used in typical sales contracts, written by English natives and Iranian non-natives. In so doing, 60 sales contracts were selected, 30 written by native English and 30 by Iranian non-natives. Based on Hyland and Tse’s taxonomy, the contracts were codified and classified in terms of the frequency and percentage of the interactiv...

option of defect is one of common options between sale and rent contracts, however, it has special rules and conditions in those contracts. in the sale contracts, any defect in the sold or bought thing causes the victim has option of defect but in the rent contracts, only the defect creates option of defect that causes hardship in using of goods or reducing of benefits. in the sale, defect of s...

today, the issue concerning the conferment of the whole or a part of the material rights belonging to the author and the related contracts is of special importance, to the extent that in some legal systems, such as the french, various specific contracts, like the publication contract, special provisions and regulations have been devised for it. whereas, no special rules concerning the above-men...