The interactions of 16 alpha-hydroxyestrone (16 alpha-OHE1), a metabolite of estradiol (E2), with estrogen receptors (ERs) were compared in this study to the classic E2-receptor mechanism in human breast cancer cells MCF-7 in culture. When MCF-7 cells were incubated with radioinert 16 alpha-OHE1 or its 3H-labeled form for 4 weeks, the estrogen bound extensively and irreversibly in a time-depend...

The estrogen receptor (ER), glucocorticoid receptor (GR), and forkhead box protein 1 (FoxA1) are significant factors in breast cancer progression. FoxA1 has been implicated in establishing ER-binding patterns though its unique ability to serve as a pioneer factor. However, the molecular interplay between ER, GR, and FoxA1 requires further investigation. Here we show that ER and GR both have the...

The combined effects of tamoxifen, a competitive inhibitor of estrogen, and type I or II interferons on the proliferation of several human breast cancer cell lines in vitro were examined. Additive antiproliferative effects were observed with interferons and tamoxifen, in two estrogen receptor positive cell lines, MCF-7 and T-47D. In MCF-7 cells neither beta ser interferon, gamma interferon, nor...

While estrogens are mitogenic in breast cancer cells, the presence of estrogen receptor a (ERalpha) clinically indicates a favorable prognosis in breast carcinoma. To improve our understanding of ERalpha action in breast cancer, we used an original in vitro method, which combines transient transfection and Matrigel invasion assays to examine its effects on cell invasiveness. ERalpha expression ...

Human estrogen receptors alpha and beta (ERalpha and ERbeta) greatly differ in their target genes, transcriptional potency and cofactor-binding capacity, and are differentially expressed in various tissues. In classical estrogen response element (ERE)-mediated transactivation, ERbeta has a markedly reduced activation potential compared with ERalpha; the mechanism underlying this difference is u...

A nanomechanical transducer is developed to detect and screen endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) combining fluidic sample injection and delivery with bioreceptor protein functionalized microcantilevers (MCs). The adverse affects of EDCs on the endocrine system of humans, livestock, and wildlife provides strong motivation for advances in analytical detection and monitoring techniques. The com...

Estrogen influences the development of memory function in humans and rodents and can modulate memory in adults. In these studies we examined the role of the estrogen receptors alpha (ERalpha) and beta (ERbeta) in mediating performance on a hippocampal-dependent, hormone-sensitive task, inhibitory avoidance (IA). Ovariectomized (OVX) estrogen receptor-alpha-knockout (ERalphaKO) mice displayed im...

The estrogen receptor variant lacking exon 5 (ERdeltaE5) encodes a truncated protein that lacks the hormone-binding domain and has been suggested to be responsible for the estrogen-independent growth of human breast tumors and resistance to antiestrogen therapy. The biological function of the ERdeltaE5 in human breast epithelial cells has been studied by transient transfection of HMT-3522S1 cel...

Mutations in wild-type p53 (wtp53) protein lead to loss of its tumor suppressor function in breast cancer cells, facilitating uncontrolled tumor growth. Consequently, procedures to repair defective p53 functions in tumor cells are being actively pursued. We sought to determine whether expression of wtp53 protein, or conversion of endogenous mutant p53 (mtp53) into a functional p53 protein with ...