Provenance for data is often defined by analogy with its use for the history of non-digital artifacts, typically works of art. While this provides a starting point for our understanding of the term, it is not adequate for at least two important reasons. First, an art historian seeing a copy of some artifacts will regard its provenance as very different from that of the original. By contrast, wh...

Animal welfare considerations are becoming increasingly important for farming of animals, both in Tunisia and internationally. Practices which may have once been deemed acceptable are now being reassessed in the light of new knowledge and changing attitudes. And a clearly defined concept of welfare is needed for use in precise scientific measurements. If animal welfare is to be compared in diff...

In June 1991, 36 of Europe's environment ministers and deputies met at Czechoslovakia's Dobris Casde, near Prague, to discuss the environmental status of their nations. During the unprecedented conference, the ministers called for the preparation of a comprehensive report on Europe's extensive environmental problems. In August 1995, the European Environment Agency Task Force (a branch of the Eu...