Increase in the exchange rate may not always promote export of non-oil production and exports of various goods; rather they might have different reactions to the exchange rate. Hence, in this study we tried to examine the effect of real effective exchange rate on Iranian pistachio export. The required data were collected from statistical yearbook of Iran's foreign trade, statistical yearbook of...

South African trade policy has exerted a major influence on the composition and aggregate growth of trade. In the Apartheid period, trade protection seriously impeded both exports and imports, and the economy depended on favorable global commodity price trends to avoid running into an external constraint. South Africa developed a comparative advantage in capital-intensive primary and manufactur...

the main objective of this study is to evaluate the spatial effect on fluctuations of trade based on the spatial panel data econometric method and wavelet smoothing using bilateral trade weighted matrix. the negative spatial dependent are estimated. using data from 34 most-important countries the period of 1980-2010 are investigated through spatial model and maximum likelihood estimation method...

In this article, real exchange rate behavior and its effects on macroeconomic variables are studied by explaining two models; impulse function and forecasting predicted error decomposition. Studies show that high artificial currency value has caused domestic and foreign accounts equilibrium disturbance and foreign income decrease due to the slackening of commercial and agricultural activities, ...

This study aims to determine the effect of Foreign Debt (X1) and Net Exports (X2) which describe exports imports on movement Rupiah exchange rate (IDR) against US Dollar (USD) (Y1) economic growth (Y2) in Indonesia throughout 1988-2019. uses multiple linear regression analysis using path direct or indirect effect. The results showed that simultaneously, all dependent variables had a significant...

pistachio is a major agricultural export commodity in iran. nowadays, it ranks first among iran’s agricultural exports. this paper focuses on the comparative advantage in pistachio production and the export market in iran. a policy analysis matrix (pam) framework and revealed comparative advantage (rca) index are applied to 2000-2004 data to study iranian government policy regarding pistachio p...