This book, which is one of the " Contemporary Science Series," is an English edition of the German original, which grew out of an examination of the " International Census of Waking Hallucinations of the Sane," and forms, in the words of its sub-title, "A Study of the Fallacies of Perception " of great interest. Psychology is still a very young science, and it is only within the last few years ...

The discussion of conjunction fallacies or, more generally, inclusion fallacies (IFs) is usually limited to dyadic relationships. Bayesian logic formalizes a rational intensional probability, predicting IFs and supplementing standard extensional probabilities (von Sydow, 2011, 2016). They treat logical patterns as explanatory patterns (explanans) given some data (the explanandum). We here addre...

Cosmides and Tooby (1996) increased performance using a frequency rather than probability frame on a problem known to elicit base-rate neglect. Analogously, Gigerenzer (1994) claimed that the conjunction fallacy disappears when formulated in terms of frequency rather than the more usual single-event probability. These authors conclude that a module or algorithm of mind exists that is able to co...

Recently, spectacular advances in diagnostic technologies, genomics, etc. offer unprecedented opportunities for widespread testing of asymptomatic individuals, in the hope that this testing will unravel early disease signs which could lead to preventative or more effective therapeutic measures. In particular, one commercial organization, Theranos, promises to revolutionize diagnostics by offeri...

Research on decentralized systems such as peer-to-peer overlays and ad hoc networks has been hampered by the fact that few systems of this type are in production use, and the space of possible applications is still poorly understood. As a consequence, new ideas have mostly been evaluated using common synthetic workloads, traces from a few existing systems, testbeds like PlanetLab, and simulator...

The paper by Gurova takes issue with the claim of Meehl that ‘understanding makes it normal’ is a fallacy in diagnostic reasoning [1,2]. Her paper prompts the more general question of appropriate methods for testing whether a specific way of reasoning in making a clinical diagnosis is fallacious. So prompted, I will compare the methods that the Gurova paper deploys with some of requirements for...

“Not to correct QT, but how to, that is the question”. The QT interval is a reflection of the action potential in the cardiac cells. Homogenous or heterogenous changes in the action potential duration lead to alteration of QT interval (in addition to morphological changes of T & U waves) 1. Such changes can be due to change in heart rate & autonomic tone. They can also be markers of abnormal re...