Background: Nephrolithiasis is a global health problem that is growing exponentially in the developed and developing countries. This study aimed to determine the dietary diversity score (DDS) and its association with nutrient adequacy in patients with calcium oxalate kidney stone. Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted on 276 male patients with calcium oxalate kidney stone. Th...

The question as to how the ratio of horizontal to vertical transmission depends on the coefficient of horizontal transmission is investigated in host-parasite models with one or two parasite strains. In an apparent paradox, this ratio decreases as the coefficient is increased provided that the ratio is taken at the equilibrium at which both host and parasite persist. Moreover, a completely vert...

Wave equations describing the quasi-degenerated two-beam coupling in the photorefractive crystals for high frequency gratings have been solved. In the case of the quasidegenerate two-beam coupling, equations depend upon the coupling coefficient, the response time of the medium, the input beams frequencies, the absorption coefficient and the input intensity ratio. The response time of the medium...

In this study, condensation heat transfer coefficients of R-410A were obtained in flattened stainless tubes made from 5.0 mm inner diameter round tubes. The test range covered saturation temperature 45 , heat flux 10 °C kW/m, mass flux 100~400 kg/ms and quality 0.2~0.8. Results showed the effect of aspect ratio on condensation heat transfer coefficient was dependent on the flow pattern. For ann...

Environmental sciences usually deal with compositional (closed) data. Whenever the concentration of chemical elements is measured, the data will be closed, i.e. the relevant information is contained in the ratios between the variables rather than in the data values reported for the variables. Data closure has severe consequences for statistical data analysis. Most classical statistical methods ...

In this article, we present two extensions of Sofo’s theorems on integral representations of ratios of reciprocals of double binomial coefficients. From the two extensions, we get several new relations between integral representations and binomial coefficients.

We provide a necessary and sufficient condition for the ratio of two jointly α-Fréchet random variables to be regularly varying. This condition is based on the spectral representation of the joint distribution and is easy to check in practice. Our result motivates the notion of the ratio tail index, which quantifies dependence features that are not characterized by the tail dependence index. As...

We examined temporal changes in consumer attitudes toward broad-based actions and environment-specific policies to limit sodium in restaurants, manufactured foods, and school and workplace cafeterias from the 2012 and 2015 SummerStyle surveys. We used two online, national research panel surveys to conduct a cross-sectional analysis of 7845 U.S. adults. Measures included self-reported agreement ...

OBJECTIVE A growing body of evidence from Western countries shows that infant feeding practices are associated with later childhood dietary habits, but little is known about these relationships in non-Western countries with different food cultures. We examined the association of breast-feeding duration and age at introduction of solid foods with later intake of fruit and vegetables among Japane...

For the purpose of clarifying the aspests of masticatory movement and producing the clinically index of jaw movable analysis, the phasic masticatory movement andelectric discharge activity of masticatory muscle of natural dentitions were recorded simultaneously during the mastication of peanuts ham and takuan, using the Saphon visitrainer which is an analytical equipment for the jaw movement an...