Reasoning on belief using fuzzy logic as present in some prominent medical fuzzy expert systems is examined from the point of view of formal logic

N.B.: For the references, please see Selected Bibliography on Aristotle's Theory of Categorical Syllogism "When modem logicians in the 1920s and 1930s first turned their attention to the problem of understanding Aristotle’s contribution to logic in modern terms, they were guided both by the Frege-Russell conception of logic as formal ontology and at the same time by a desire to protect Aristotl...

This paper is an analysis of two knowledge representation extensions of logic programming, namely Answer Set Programming and ID-Logic. Our aim is to compare both logics on the level of declarative reading, practical methodology and formal semantics. At the level of methodology, we put forward the thesis that in many (but not all) existing applications of ASP, an ASP program is used to encode de...

N.B.: For the references, please see Selected Bibliography on Aristotle's Theory of Categorical Syllogism "When modem logicians in the 1920s and 1930s first turned their attention to the problem of understanding Aristotle’s contribution to logic in modern terms, they were guided both by the Frege-Russell conception of logic as formal ontology and at the same time by a desire to protect Aristotl...

A new deontic logic, Action Type Deontic Logic, is presented. To motivate this logic, a number of benchmark cases are shown, representing inferences a deontic logic should validate. Some of the benchmark cases are singled out for further comments and some formal approaches to deontic reasoning are evaluated with respect to the benchmark cases. After that follows an informal introduction to the ...

Logic (from ancient Greek “λογικὴ τέχνη (logiké téchnē)”—“thinking art”, “procedure”) is a multidisciplinary field of research studying the formal principles reasoning [...]

The paper aims at contributing to the problem of translating natural (ethnic) language into the framework of formal logic in a structure-preserving way. There are several problems with encoding knowledge in logic-derived formalisms. Among the most difficult are those connected with natural language quantifiers. Even for relatively simple natural language sentences there are readings hard to enc...

Formal treatments of epistemology and epistemological issues have come a great way in recent years. Valuable results have been produced by Bayesians, in formal learning theory (also known as computational epistemology in [Kelly 96] and epistemic logic. While the first to formal approaches concentrate on learning and knowledge acquisition issues, the latter concentrate on axiomatics and validity...

In my contribution I will provide an outline of how two major strands in Löbner’s work can be combined in a dynamic game theoretical semantics: phase quantification (PQ) and frame theory (FT). In a first step a formal analysis of PQ in (dynamic) arrow logic is presented. Based on this analysis it is shown in the second step that frame theory must not be understood as being an alternative to sta...