conclusions the present study was the first report on the isolation and identification of t. ptyseos from pif in iran. t. ptyseos are frequently present in various kinds of foods; therefore, further investigation on these samples is required. it is necessary to track the t. ptyseos in a wide variety of foods and individuals especially in immunocompromised people such as human immunodeficiency v...

Behavioral responses of 3- to 4-day-old newborns to the odors of various human milk (HM) and formula milk (FM) were examined in paired-choice tests. When both stimuli were nonfamiliar, breast-fed, as well as bottle-fed, infants oriented their head and mouthed more vigorously to HM than to FM. When breast-fed infants were exposed to nonfamiliar HM along with the familiar FM, their head-turning r...

PURPOSE Very little is known about the prevalence of regurgitations in human milk-fed infants in the first days of life. The authors aimed to compare the frequency of regurgitations in formula- and breastfed infants in the first 2 days of life. It was hypothesized that human milk-fed infants experience less episodes of regurgitations than their formula-fed counterparts. DESIGN, SAMPLE, AND OUTC...

BACKGROUND Iron-fortified formulas are recommended throughout infancy and are frequently used beyond, yet safety aspects have been inadequately studied. Iron could theoretically increase pro-oxidant stress, with potential adverse effects, including infection risk, and some clinicians suspect that iron-fortified formulas induce gastrointestinal disturbance. OBJECTIVE A planned component of a l...

There is concern that feeding full-strength animal milk to infants aged less than 6 months with diarrhoea may have adverse consequences. We assessed the effects on clinical course of two feeding regimens in 159 Guatemalan and Brazilian infants aged 2 weeks to 6 months who had had acute diarrhoea for 120 h or less, showed signs of mild to moderate dehydration, and had no complications. After cor...

The American Academy of Pediatrics is committed to the use of maternal breast milk as the ideal source of nutrition for infant feeding. Even so, by 2 months of age, most infants in North America are formula-fed. Despite limited indications, the use of soy protein-based formula has nearly doubled during the past decade to achieve 25% of the market in the United States. Because an infant formula ...

OBJECTIVES In November 2008, the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) doubled the recommended daily intake of vitamin D for infants and children, from 200 IU/day (2003 recommendation) to 400 IU/day. We aimed to assess the prevalence of infants meeting the AAP recommended intake of vitamin D during their first year of life. METHODS Using data from the Infant Feeding Practices Study II, conduct...