Despite dissenting views on the origin of the wellrecorded outbreak of syphilis in the Italian peninsula towards the end of the fifteenth century, there is no disputing the importance of Italian culture and medicine in the development of the history of syphilis. In the earlier part of this century most of the detailed work on the subject was recorded by medical historians of the German School. ...

The international wool trade was an important part of Northumberland’s economy in the fourteenth century, and participation it central to working lives many local merchants. However, mid-fourteenth century subjected unprecedented period royal regulation taxation. reaction export merchants this smuggling. This article examines both practice prosecution smuggling from Northumberland, primarily by...

The first Jewish medical graduates at the University of Padua qualified in the fifteenth century. Indeed, Padua was the only medical school in Europe for most of the medieval period where Jewish students could study freely. Though Jewish students came to Padua from many parts of Europe the main geographical sources of its Jewish students were the Venetian lands. However, the virtual Padua monop...