Context. Growing evidence has indicated that the global composition distribution plays an indisputable role in interpreting observational data. Three-dimensional general circulation models (GCMs) with a reliable treatment of chemistry and clouds are particularly crucial preparing for upcoming observations. In attempts to achieve 3D chemistry-climate modeling, challenge mainly lies expensive com...

A novel strategy is proposed for the efficient simulation of geochemical tracers in ocean models. The method captures the tracer advection and diffusion in a general circulation model (GCM) without any alteration (or even knowledge) of the GCM code. In comparison with offline tracer models, the proposed method is considerably more efficient and automatically includes all parameterizations of un...

[1] Radiocarbon differences between benthic and planktonic foraminifera (B-P ages) and radiocarbon projection ages are both used to determine changes of the past ocean circulation rate. A global 3-D ocean circulation model with a constant modern ocean circulation is used to study which method is less influenced by atmospheric DC variations. Three factors cause uncertainties: first, the long equ...

climate change is found to be the most important global issue in the 21st century, so to monitor its trend is of great importance. atmospheric general circulation models because of their large scale computational grid are not able to predict climatic parameters on a point scale, so small scale methods should be adapted. among downscaling methods, statistical methods are used as they are easy to...