In a lexical decision task (LDT) in which list composition is manipulated, a typical finding to date has been a slowdown for easy items (e.g., high-frequency words) but little speedup for hard items (e.g., low-frequency words) when they are mixed together. This asymmetric frequency-blocking effect contrasts with the symmetric pattern (both a speedup for hard items and a slowdown for easy items ...

On the basis of data from masked priming experiments, it has been argued that an automatic process of decomposition is applied to all morphologically structured stimuli, irrespective of their lexical characteristics (Rastle, Davis, & New, 2004). So far, this claim has been tested only with respect to low-frequency primes and nonword primes. This is a limitation because some models of morphologi...

This paper reports on the creation of specialized word lists in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), which is a discipline using vocabulary across languages (i.e., and English) involves learners with different L1 backgrounds. First, TCM Word List 2,778 words was established from corpora textbooks journal articles. Selection criteria included meaning, keyness corpus general written English compar...

Mandarin, also known as Standard Chinese is the official language of China and Singapore, there are certain differences when mandarin is spoken by people from different homeplaces. The homeplace classification is important in speech recognition and machine translation. In this paper, we proposed a novel model named Bag-of-phonemes (BOP) for homeplace classification of mandarin speakers, which f...

Behavioral experiments have revealed that words appearing in many different contexts are responded to faster than words that appear in few contexts. Although this contextual diversity (CD) effect has been found to be stronger than the word-frequency (WF) effect, it is a matter of debate whether the facilitative effects of CD and WF reflect the same underlying mechanisms. The analysis of the ele...