The English articles, the, indefinite a/an, and zero can be troublesome for English language learners. Thomas [1] demonstrated that English second language (L2) learners from first languages (L1) that do not have the equivalent of an article system encounter problems using articles. Ionin and Wexler [2] found that such learners fluctuate between definiteness and specificity. This study examined...

From the time of Bertrand Russell, the semantics of the English definite article has been the object of continued semantic analysis. Most analyses make some use of the notions of uniqueness, or familiarity, however defined more precisely (see for instance Roberts, 2003, for one recent analysis and review). In this paper, though, we wish to motivate through both experimental and non-experimental...

Definite descriptions, like the pig behave differently in prosodically prominent (2) and non-prominent (1) environments. (I hate Jack but. . .) (1) Mary KISSED the pig. epithet: the pig = Jack (2) Mary kissed the PIG. standard: the pig = Jack In (2) the definite description picks out a uniquely salient pig. In the unaccented environment (1) the definite description the pig is an anaphoric epith...

The uniqueness effects in definite noun phrases have been the subject of much debate (Heim 1983, Kadmon 1990, Roberts 2003, Szabó 2000). Some claim uniqueness is part of the semantics of the definite article, while others derive it pragmatically. Both sides assume that the uniqueness condition is binary, and so the only thing that matters is whether the number of equally salient candidates is o...

Thirty-three children aged 3–5 were tested for comprehension of definite and bare noun (BN) contrasts in Catalan, a language with bare nouns in direct object but not in subject position. Catalan objects have the same semantics as in English subjects: BNs map to generic and definites into specific referents. Global semantic parameters cannot explain the contrast in this type of language. The tes...

We prove that a generic canonically or bicanonically embedded smooth curve has semistable m Hilbert points for all m ≥ 2. We also prove that a generic bicanonically embedded smooth curve has stable m Hilbert points for all m ≥ 3. In the canonical case, this is accomplished by proving finite Hilbert semistability of special singular curves with Gm-action, namely the canonically embedded balanced...

One of the methods for solving definite integrals is modified trapezoid method, which is obtained by using Hermitian interpolation (see e.g. [12]). In this article, we have used modified trapezoid quadrature method and Generalized differential to solve the Fredholm fuzzy integral equations of the second kind. This method leads to solve fuzzy linear system. Finally the proposed method is illustr...

This article examines how the nature of competition between brands in a therapeutic category changes after generic entry and provide a framework for analyzing the effect of generic entry on consumer welfare that takes into account the generic free riding problem. It demonstrates that changes in competition along dimensions other than retail price--such as competition in research and development...