Title Part Symbols d mean temperature dierence, K, (see eq. (1)) m sample size p pressure, hPa (or 100 Pa) s sample standard deviation, K, (see eq. (2)) T temperature, K t Student's t-test statistic (see eq. (3)) x station temperature value from single sounding, K Z geopotential height, km z geometric altitude, km Subscripts: j pair number (see eq. (1)) m sample size (see eq. (3)) 1 satellite (...

weather circulation patterns play a main role in the occurrence of environmental phenomena especially in middle latitude. occurrence of dry and wet spells is in relation to synoptical system repetitions and types of weather. in this research first by using of standard precipitation index (spi), extensive droughts in the province were identified. then by using principal component analysis (pca) ...

Abstract A prolonged drought affected Western Europe and the Mediterranean region in 2022 producing large socio-ecological impacts. The role of anthropogenic climate change (ACC) exacerbating this has been often invoked public debate, but link between atmospheric circulation ACC not received much attention so far. Here we address question by applying method analogs, which allows us to identify ...

Abstract. The extratropical meridional energy transport in the atmosphere is fundamentally intermittent nature, having extremes large enough to affect net seasonal transport. Here, we investigate how these extreme transports are associated with dynamics of at multiple spatial scales, from planetary synoptic. We use ERA5 reanalysis data perform a wavenumber decomposition Northern Hemisphere mid-...

Central Asia is prone to wildfires, but the relationship between wildfires and climatic factors in this area still not clear. In study, spatiotemporal variation wildfire activities across during 1997–2016 terms of burned (BA) was investigated with Global Fire Emission Database version 4s (GFED4s). The BA region also analyzed. results reveal that more than 90% located Kazakhstan. peak occurs fro...

[1] Arctic amplification (AA) – the observed enhanced warming in high northern latitudes relative to the northern hemisphere – is evident in lower-tropospheric temperatures and in 1000-to-500 hPa thicknesses. Daily fields of 500 hPa heights from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction Reanalysis are analyzed over N. America and the N. Atlantic to assess changes in north-south (Rossby)...

Water resources are crucial to the livelihood and sustainability of general public across western United States. This study covers timespan both third driest drought in Californian history between 2012 2015 as well extreme atmospheric river year 2016–2017. The evaluation vertical moisture profiles using Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, Climate (COSMIC) Radio Occultati...

For forecasting the maximum 5-day accumulated precipitation over the winter season at lead times of 3, 6, 9 and 12 months over Canada from 1950 to 2007, two nonlinear and two linear regression models were used, where the models were support vector regression (SVR) (nonlinear and linear versions), nonlinear Bayesian neural network (BNN) and multiple linear regression (MLR). The 118 stations were...