Like bodily, physiological, and psychological skills which are commonly assessed in professional sport, assessment of visual skills is also of high importance. In this regard, and in order to organize teams efficiently, the skills of each player, considering his/her post in the pitch, should be developed for superiority over the opponent. The present study attempts to clarify if there is a mean...

BACKGROUND No study has investigated whether newcomers to professional soccer have a different injury rate than established players. PURPOSE The primary objective was to investigate whether being a newcomer to professional soccer influences injury rates. The secondary objective was to evaluate whether playing position and player age influence injury rates. STUDY DESIGN Cohort study; Level o...

Background: After long-term intensive training, considerable morphological and functional heart changes occur in professional athletes. Such changes arise progressively and regress upon interruption of the physical activity. Morphological and functional alterations on heart are known as "Athlete's heart" condition. Objective: This study aims to compare echocardiographic parameters in two differ...

The last-ditch defence against the anti-ship missile is the close-in weapon system (CIWS), which takes the form of ultra-short range lightcalibre guns by putting a “wall of lead” in the path of the oncoming missile. This is after the missiles have “leaked” through the layers of hardkill and softkill defences. Systems like the American Phalanx, the Dutch Goalkeeper or the new German Millennium G...

BACKGROUND Whereas German suicide rates had a clear decreasing tendency between 1991 and 2006, they increased from 2007 to 2010. Deeper analyses of suicide data might help to understand better this change. The aim of this study was to analyze 1) whether recent trends can be related to changes in specific suicide methods and diverge by gender and age; 2) whether the decrease of suicide rates bef...

systems engineering concepts and practices to students to prepare them for designing, integrating, and maintaining highly complex systems. Another objective of the project is to explore the interplay between AI, dynamics, and control theory. This article describes the Cornell RoboCup team, which won the RoboCup-99 small-league championship in Stockholm, Sweden. T he Cornell RoboCup Project was ...

Editor's Note: These short reviews of a recent paper in the Journal, written exclusively by graduate students or postdoctoral fellows, are intended to mimic the journal clubs that exist in your own departments or institutions. For more information on the format and purpose of the Journal Club, please see In almost every aspect of life, optimal behavior requires continuous monitoring and process...

One in four of all fractures involves the hand or wrist. This is true of sports injuries too. Even if fractures of the distal radius are excluded, injuries to the carpus, metacarpals, and phalanges are common in sport. Soft tissue injuries to joints are almost as common. The use of the hand and wrist in different sports affects the way they may be injured. Soccer players (except the goalkeeper)...

The combination of sports sciences theorization and social networks analysis (SNA) has offered useful new insights for addressing team behavior. However, SNA typically represents the dynamics of team behavior during a match in dyadic interactions and in a single cumulative snapshot. This study aims to overcome these limitations by using hypernetworks to describe illustrative cases of team behav...

To organize circadian (~24 h) rhythms in physiology and behavior, the brain’s master circadian clock in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) must, like a proficient goalkeeper or sculptor, coordinate and connect its signals in both time and space. Individual SCN neurons contain the intracellular molecular clockworks, but these several thousand cell autonomous oscillators require intercellular commu...