BACKGROUND Predictors of high out-of-pocket household healthcare expenditure are essential for creating effective health system finance policy. In Bangladesh, 63.3% of health expenditure is out-of-pocket and born by households. It is imperative to know what determines household health expenditure. This study aims to investigate the predicting factors of high out-of-pocket household healthcare e...

The main objective of this paper is to investigate the asymmetric effects of exchangerate on Iranian import price index using quarterly time series data over the period 1990- 2011. For this purpose, positive and negative shocks of the exchange rate have been separated from each other using dummy variables and the effects of the size of the exchange rate shocks by determining a threshold.The emp...

Sudden disruptions, or shocks, to food production can adversely impact access to and trade of food commodities. Seafood is the most traded food commodity and is globally important to human nutrition. The seafood production and trade system is exposed to a variety of disruptions including fishery collapses, natural disasters, oil spills, policy changes, and aquaculture disease outbreaks, aquafee...

BACKGROUND A phantom shock-the sensation of an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) discharge in the absence of an actual discharge-is a phenomenon that can occur in ICD patients. Little is known about the influence of psychological factors on the incidence of phantom shocks. We evaluated psychological correlates of phantom shocks 2 years post-ICD implant in a cohort of Dutch ICD recipi...

background and purpose: to determine an appropriate financial model for the health system of iran, several studies have been conducted. but it seems that these studies were not comprehensive and further investigation is required. so to design a valid and enforceable mechanism, the study of policy interventions will be considered through consensus of all stakeholders. this investigation was done...

abstract background: the university student health surveillance system can play a key role in the health promotion of the educated class of the society. this can be done through collecting information related to health and using it for screening and prevention of disease. hence, this article will be based on the necessity of existence of such system. materials and methods: we used interview and...

productivity shocks are one of the most important factors that influence the firms ‘ decisions on he optimal consumption of production inputs. unobservable productivity shocks create selection and simultaneity problems causing biased estimates of production function by ordinary least squares. however, to estimate coefficients associated with production function by levinsohn and petrin technique...

Introduction Launched in 2008, the Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojana (RSBY) insurance scheme has the mandate of improving access to quality health services of families living below the poverty line (BPL) while providing financial protection against health shocks. Four years following implementation, it is yet to find its presence in all districts of the twenty-eight States in India. Budgetary limi...