BACKGROUND Environmental changes, air pollution and ozone depletion are increasing oxidative stress, and global warming threatens health by heat stress. We now face a high risk of simultaneous exposure to heat and oxidative stress. However, there have been few studies investigating their combined adverse effects on cell viability. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Pretreatment of hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)...

Heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) is essential for the stress-induced expression of heat shock genes. On exposure to heat shock, HSF1 localizes within seconds to discrete nuclear granules. On recovery from heat shock, HSF1 rapidly dissipates from these stress granules to a diffuse nucleoplasmic distribution, typical of unstressed cells. Subsequent reexposure to heat shock results in the rapid relocali...

Oxidative stress is commonly involved in the pathogenesis of skin damage induced by environmental factors, such as heat stress. Skin fibroblasts are responsible for the connective tissue regeneration and the skin recovery from injury. Aloin, a bioactive compound in Aloe vera, has been reported to have various pharmacological activities, such as anti-inflammatory effects. The aim of this study w...

Plants as sessile organisms can adapt to environmental stress to mitigate its adverse effects. As part of such adaptation they maintain an active memory of heat stress for several days that promotes a more efficient response to recurring stress. We show that this heat stress memory requires the activity of the FORGETTER1 (FGT1) locus, with fgt1 mutants displaying reduced maintenance of heat-ind...

A child's heatstroke is an unexpected accident; however, we are able to prevent it analyzing the situation which occurred, and its cause. The large-scale research about a child's heatstroke had not been carried out to the past in Japan. According to Heatstroke STUDY, more than 90% of a child's heatstroke were aged 6 and over; furthermore, 70% of those children were doing sports. I expect that t...

BACKGROUND Heat illness in the Armed Forces is considered preventable. The UK military relies upon dual Command and Medical reporting for case ascertainment, investigation of serious incidents and improvement of preventive practices and policy. This process could be vulnerable to under-reporting. OBJECTIVES To establish whether heat illness in the British Army has been under-reported, by revi...

Global warming will unquestionably increase the impact of heat on individuals who work in already hot workplaces in hot climate areas. The increasing prevalence of this environmental health risk requires the improvement of assessment methods linked to meteorological data. Such new methods will help to reveal the size of the problem and design appropriate interventions at individual, workplace a...

BACKGROUND Exposure of cells to severe heat stress causes not only misfolding and aggregation of proteins but also inhibition of translation and storage of mRNA in cytosolic heat stress granules (heat-SGs), limiting newly synthesized protein influx into overloaded proteome repair systems. How these two heat stress responses connect is unclear. RESULTS Here, we show that both S. cerevisiae and...