AIMS To evaluate the characteristics of manual haemoglobin methods in use in Malawi and provide evidence for the Ministry of Health in Malawi to enable them to choose a suitable method for district hospitals. METHODS Criteria on accuracy, clinical usefulness, user friendliness, speed, training time, and economic costs were determined by local health professionals and used to compare six diffe...

BACKGROUND The Ethiopian epidemic is currently on the wane. However, the situation for infected children is in some ways lagging behind due to low treatment coverage and deficient prevention of mother-to-child transmission. Too few studies have examined HIV infected children presenting to care in low-income countries in general. Considering the presence of local variations in the nature of the ...

BACKGROUND: For a health district to function referral from health centres to district hospitals is critical. In many developing countries referral systems perform well below expectations. Niger is not an exception in this matter. Beyond obvious problems of cost and access this study shows to what extent the behaviour of the health worker in its interaction with the patient can be a barrier of ...

The public’s mental health is obviously impacted by the perception of green quantity in urban streets. As one important spatial indicators, Green View Index (GVI) reflects streets, which helpful revealing level street vegetation from perspective pedestrians. GVI can improve attraction and visual experience Taking Qingdao Coastal Streets as an example, study used OpenStreetMap, Baidu Street (BSV...

International conservation efforts have ignored the role and importance of historic disturbance regimes, both natural and anthropogenic, in creating and maintaining biodiversity. In this article we focus on historic livelihoods and land uses which we argue can and should be viewed as a type of intermediate ecological disturbance that may increase landscape heterogeneity which is correlated with...

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Charcoal fragments from five historic campsite locations in the Galápagos Islands were identified and radiocarbon dated to investigate postulated early human presence in the archipelago, historic fuel wood collection patterns and the resultant impact on native vegetation. A variety of taxa and fuel types were revealed to be present in the charcoal assemblages, indicating geographically driven r...