the research office for the history of persian medicine will pay grant to the top researchers in the field of medical history. this award is named after abumaher shirazi, the father of shiraz medical doctrine in 10th century ad. this award will be paid annually. the ceremony of the first series of this award (2011-2012) will be held on 28 feb, 2013. following the announcement, winners will be s...

talking about ego, in the sufis’ works, two terms of “endeavor” and “austerity” have been sometimes used focused on each other and sometimes alone. did they have similar definitions and positions in sufis’ opinion or had they been different from each other? we claim that “endeavor” and “austerity” had had different positions and of course different definitions in old texts.  it was made clear, ...