The phenomenon of Western Sufi teachers is unique, not just because of the individuals themselves, though they are certainly fascinating, but because of what they represent: the flowering of the Western genius, which has discovered Eastern traditions, absorbed them and in the process changed them and been changed by them. This paper is a primary outline of the main contours of this phenomenon, ...

in the name of allah , the compassionate the merciful abstract shath ( blasphemic utterace made during spiritual ) is a complicated concept that deserves reflection in gnosticism and sufism ( mysticism ) and estem and westem scholars have alwaya paid attention to it. although principal essence of gnostic belief is the holy divine law ,gnosticism has pure and unique thoughts . by glancing at t...

Ma'ruf Karkhi is the pioneer of Sufism in Baghdad. He played a significant role in shifting Sufism from asceticism to mysticism. A study of his words and ideas shows that he was the first to define Sufism. He defines Sufism as perceiving the truths, expressing the subtlelties, and keeping off the people. His definition has attracted scholars such as Nicholson who studied Sufism. The present pap...

abstract al- muntazam by ibn al -jawzi is one of the greatest the book ancient book of texts on history of islam in the 6th century.it is very important one;because of including rare reports which are not found any where.in addition to historical reports,his outlook , in which embodies information on mythologies, milal wa nihal (sects and creeds), geography, and political, social and religiou...

from its emergence till present time marxist principles has undergone great changes since their promulgation by marx. many theorists and thinkers set at rectifying marxist tenets and introducing those of their own while others advocated its main concepts and attempted at improving them. among marxist philosophers who had an intensive study of marxs ideology, is louis althusser whose reflections...

Misbah al-Ashari‛at is a book with mystical and ethical themes which has been attributed to Imam Ja‛far Sadiq. Although all chapters of the book begin with the phrase “(as) Imam Sadiq said” which primarily indicates that the book has been written by him, the correctness of such an attribution is criticized on various grounds including the content of the book and the available certif...

the present thesis is a study of postmodern historical novel with respect to the voice of women. according to postmodern historiography,the established institution of history is one of the other manifestations of patriarchys power which has silenced women. the study analyzes angela carters nights at the circus as a postmodern historical novel which makes its female characters transgress the pat...

‘romanticism’ and ‘romantic’ are among the most controversial terms in literature. most readers, when encountering these words, would think of the well-known period of romanticism of the first three decades of the nineteenth century and the great six english poets known as ‘the big six’ of this period. however, romanticism does not belong to certain artists in a special period; one may seek ele...