Different reconstructions of glacial sea-surface temperatures (SST) are used to force a hybrid coupled atmosphere–ocean model. The resulting glacial states differ in global salinity and temperature distributions, and consequently in the strength of the thermohaline circulation. Stability analysis of the Atlantic Ocean circulation, by means of freshwater-flux hysteresis maps, reveals mono-stabil...

The fate and transport of methylmercury (MeHg) were studied in a small boreal catchment. Hydrological processes largely govern the magnitude of the flux of MeHg. Seasonal and inter-annual variability in hydrology produce variable source strengths of MeHg throughout the catchment. The mass flux of MeHg within, and from the catchment is dependent on the mass flux of water and the relative placeme...

Transboundary and cross-catchment access to hydrological data is the key to designing successful environmental policies and activities. Electronic maps based on distributed databases are fundamental for planning and decision making in all regions and for all spatial and temporal scales. Freshwater is an essential asset in New Zealand (and globally) and the availability as well as accessibility ...

Tropical deforestation has many consequences, amongst which alteration of the hydrological cycle and loss of habitat and biodiversity are the focus of much public interest and scientific research. Here we examine the potential biodiversity and hydrological impacts of an extreme deforestation scenario – the loss of all tropical forest areas currently identified by the World Wildlife Fund as bein...

[1] Reliable predictions of groundwater flow and solute transport require an estimation of the detailed distribution of the parameters (e.g., hydraulic conductivity, effective porosity) controlling these processes. However, such parameters are difficult to estimate because of the inaccessibility and complexity of the subsurface. In this regard, developments in parameter estimation techniques an...

Current regionalization techniques for conceptual rain-fall runoff models employ linear/nonlinear regression functions. The model parameters are described as functions (assumed a priori) of catchment descriptors. As the hydrological system is highly non-linear and complex, no single parametric function can be a holistic or near-reality representation of the core underlying processes. In this pa...

1. We compared the extracellular enzyme activity (EEA) of sediment microbial assemblages with sediment and water chemistry, gradients in agricultural nutrient loading (derived from principal component analyses), atmospheric deposition and hydrological turnover time in coastal wetlands of the Laurentian Great Lakes. 2. There were distinct increases in nutrient concentrations in the water and in ...

The concept of this research is justified to the integration of landscape components for hydrological modelling within distributed models. Distributed models are based on homogeneous entities which are delineated using landscape parameters such as topography, land use, soil, and geology. In ungauged basins most of these required data are only available on a coarse spatial resolution. In order t...

Mountain ranges are the world's natural water towers and provide water resources for millions of people. However, their hydrological balance and possible future changes in river flow remain poorly understood because of high meteorological variability, physical inaccessibility, and the complex interplay between climate, cryosphere, and hydrological processes. Here, we use a state-of-the art glac...

The development of new hydrological simulation tools allows for the modelling of large hydrological catchments, with the aim of comprehensive management of the water resources, control of diffuse pollution processes, such as the fate of agricultural fertilizants and finally, with purposes of economical optimization of the crop yields as a function of the expected climate, the watershed characte...