Background: Socioeconomic indicators are the main factors that affect health outcome. Health price index (HPI) and households living costs (HLC) are affected by economic reform. This study aimed at examining the effect of subsidy targeting plan (STP) on HPI and HLC.    Methods: The social accounting matrix was used to study the direct and indirect effects of STP. We chose 11 health r...

The spread of COVID-19 has had a signifi cant impact on economic and social activities, with the agri-food sector being no exception. Since outbreak, numerous studies investigating its sectoral infl uence have been carried out, putting emphasis demand supply shocks changes in trade volumes. However, there not much research into implications pandemic for prices. To fi ll gap, this paper is an at...

differing consumption patterns among individuals along with relative commodity price changes has made inflation effects differ from one person to another. on the other hand, inflation continues to be a general phenomenon in iranian economy. the impacts of price changes on rural poverty have been hereby investigated. for this, market price fluctuations in rural areas of fars province during the ...

The United States and Brazil both have many local consumer markets which imported cement can access by waterway. Despite this similarity, the degree of import penetration is strikingly di¤erent. While imports from around the world account for as much as 30% of U.S. cement consumption, Brazil hardly imports cement. U.S. cement producers, facing lower inbound trade costs and higher marginal costs...

providing of food products for increasing population, enhancing food security, increasing of production and foreign incomes are among the major program purposes of each country and monetary policies are one of the methods that immediately affected on food price and on major agriculture variables. time series analysis was used for studying the impacts of monetary policies effect on food price in...

A dominant firm holding import quota engages in inter-temporal price discrimination when facing a competitive fringe engaged in seasonal production. This causes a welfare loss that comes in addition the loss attributable to limitation of imports below the free trade level. JEL classification: F12, F13

1.1 A price index is a measure of the proportionate, or percentage, changes in a set of prices over time. A consumer price index (CPI) measures changes in the prices of goods and services that households consume. Such changes affect the real purchasing power of consumers’ incomes and their welfare. As the prices of different goods and services do not all change at the same rate, a price index c...