The status of ethical considerations in the provision of health care has undergone a substantial evolution over the past 50 years. This development was partially a response to particular abuses of human rights that had occurred in the name of health research,* 1 but it was also a manifestation of the wider consumer rights movement that arose in a number of countries over the same time period. T...

groups. The above mentioned proof-of-concept trials demonstrate that optimal intraoperative management of patients not only have an important role in reducing the incidence of POCD, particularly in elderly patients, but also may lead to an improvement in outcome generally following major surgery. It would be very unfortunate if such an excellent review left anaesthetists feeling that POCD was n...

Ambient Assisted Living (AAL) systems refer to “intelligent systems that will assist elderly individuals for a better, healthier and safer life in the preferred living environment and covers concepts, products and services that interlink and improve new technologies and the social environment” [1]. AAL systems address socio-political issues created by the demographic development in Europe: care...

Although the European Respiratory Society (ERS) strongly supports and prioritises research on asthma, the publication should NOT be interpreted as an official opinion of the ERS. The ERS took part in this summit and decided, based on exclusive sponsorship of Merck Sharpe and Dohme (Hoddesdon, UK), to cease further participation. The whole project was financially supported by the Asthma, Allergy...

PURPOSE To provide an overview of changes in nursing education in the European Union (EU) within the framework of the Bologna Declaration, signed in 1999 by the European ministers of education, and to describe specific efforts and changes in Spain. ORGANIZING CONSTRUCTS (a) the Bologna Declaration process, its recent reforms in all disciplines including nursing, and perspectives on future dev...

Over just a six-year period from 2005-2011, five aid effectiveness initiatives were launched: the Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness (2005), the International Health Partnership plus (2007), the Accra Agenda for Action (2008), the Busan Partnership for Effective Cooperation (2011), and the Global Partnership for Effective Development Cooperation (GPEDC) (2011). More recently, in 2015, the A...

TypeScript is a typed extension of JavaScript that has become widely used. More than 2 000 JavaScript libraries now have publicly available TypeScript declaration files, which allows the libraries to be used when programming TypeScript applications. Such declaration files are written manually, however, and they are often lagging behind the continuous development of the libraries, thereby hinder...