The aim of the present paper is to investigate the influence of the constitutive model for shotcrete on the predicted displacements and stresses in shotcrete shells of deep tunnels. Previously proposed shotcrete models as well as a new extended damage plasticity model for shotcrete are evaluated in the context of 2D finite element simulations of the excavation of a stretch of a deep tunnel by m...

Levels of residual stresses in partially crystallized Li2O±2SiO2 glass-ceramics were calculated for several crystallographic planes. The stresses were also determined by an X-ray di€raction method (XRD) using synchrotron radiation. The linear thermal expansion coecient (ahkl) of a fully crystallized, stress-free, powdered sample, was measured in situ using a hot-stage XRD technique. The therma...

We report the first successful demonstration of an optical microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) sensing platform for the in situ characterization of electrochemically induced reversible mechanical changes in lithium-ion battery (LIB) electrodes. The platform consists of an array of flexible membranes with a reflective surface on one side and a thin-film LIB electrode on the other side. The mem...

Objective(s): In this study, a stable bear bile-loaded pH sensitive in-situ eye drop gel was prepared for sustain delivery and enhanced therapeutic application. Materials and Methods: Bear bile-loaded in-situ ocular gels with different Carbopol/Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC)  ratios were prepared and their stability was tested in P...

In this study, an MA957 oxide dispersion-strengthened (ODS) alloy was irradiated with high-energy ions in the Argonne Tandem Linac Accelerator System. Fe ions at an energy of 84 MeV bombarded MA957 tensile specimens, creating a damage region ~7.5 μm in depth; the peak damage (~40 dpa) was estimated to be at ~7 μm from the surface. Following the irradiation, in-situ high-energy X-ray diffraction...

Thin film Ni-Cu diffusion couples (individual layer thicknesses: 50 nm) were prepared by direct-current magnetron sputtering on silicon substrates. Interdiffusion and solid-solution formation, the associated changes of microstructure and the evolution of mechanical stresses of the Ni-Cu diffusion couples during thermal treatments were investigated employing ex-situ X-ray diffraction phase and t...

Article history: Received 11 November 2015 Received in revised form 2 December 2015 Accepted 3 December 2015 Available online xxxx Development of more accurate descriptions of dislocation motion requires understanding the actual effective stress driving it. Back stresses from dislocation pile-ups can work against the applied stress resulting in lower stresses acting on moving dislocations. This...

in order to achieve prolong corneal contact time of norfloxacin(nfx) for treatment of extra ocular diseases, a ph triggered nanoparticulate in situ gelling system was designed to explore dual advantage of nanoparticles and in situ gelling system, for its ocular delivery. nfx loaded nanocarriers were developed by ionotropic gelation technique using chitosan as a matrix forming polymer, cross-lin...